Pathophysiology
What is the primary cause of tissue damage in pancreatitis?
Autodigestion by pancreatic enzymes
What quadrant of the abdomen is most associated with pancreatitis pain?
Left upper quadrant (LUQ)
What lab is more specific for pancreatitis: amylase or lipase?
Lipase
Why is a patient experiencing pancreatitis made NPO?
What common complication can develop due to pancreatic inflammation and necrosis?
Infection or abscess
What two enzymes are most responsible for breaking down proteins and fats—and become elevated in pancreatitis?
Amylase and lipase
What position often relieves the pain of pancreatitis?
Sitting up and leaning forward
Which lab would be low due to fat necrosis in pancreatitis?
Calcium
What type of IV fluid is commonly used for hydration in pancreatitis?
Isotonic fluids (e.g., normal saline or lactated Ringer’s)
What is the name of the fluid-filled sac that may develop and rupture in pancreatitis?
Pseudocyst
What process is triggered when pancreatic enzymes are activated too early inside the pancreas?
Inflammation
Name two skin signs that suggest hemorrhagic pancreatitis.
Cullen’s sign and Grey-Turner’s sign
What imaging test is often used to diagnose complications like pseudocysts?
CT scan
What class of medications is used for pain control in acute pancreatitis?
Opioids
What respiratory complication can result from systemic inflammation?
ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome)
What are the names of the cells that produce and secrete digestive enzymes into the pancreatic ducts which empty into the duodenum?
Acinar cells
What are three hallmark symptoms of acute pancreatitis?
LUQ pain, nausea/vomiting, and fever
Why might glucose levels be elevated during pancreatitis?
Impaired insulin production due to pancreatic inflammation
Why is NG tube suction sometimes used in severe cases?
To decompress the stomach and prevent pancreatic stimulation
What cardiovascular complication can develop due to severe third-spacing?
Hypovolemic shock
Why can gallstones cause acute pancreatitis?
Blockage of the common bile duct, leading to enzyme backup
What causes the patient to have tachycardia and hypotension during pancreatitis?
Third-spacing/fluid shifting due to inflammation
What two lab values should you monitor for early signs of sepsis in pancreatitis?
WBC and lactate
What should you educate the patient with chronic pancreatitis to avoid long-term?
Alcohol and high-fat foods
What are 3 major effects of chronic pancreatitis?
Steatorrhea, diabetes, malnutrition