The skeletal system
What joins muscle to bone
tendons
Name the 3 types of muscle
Voluntary
Involuntary
Cardiac
What does the handgrip dyanometer test for
Muscular strength in forearms
What does anabolic steroids do
they imitate the male hormone - testosterone and helps with growth and repair of muscle tissues
Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevation
Name all functions of the skeleton (5)
Protection of vital organs
Muscle attatchment
Blood production
Movement
Storage of minerals
What is it called when muscles work in pairs
Antagonistic muscles
What are the FITT principles
Frequency
Intensity
Time
Type
Identifiy the type of athletes who would use beta blockers
darts
snooker
archery
Prevent concussions ,abrasions and fractures
Name all the regions of the vertebral column
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacrum
Coccyx
what muscle is located in the chest
pectoralis major
Explain the importance/purpose of using a ParQ
Provide information about any known medical conditions and lifestyle choice and to create a suitable, safe exercise programme
How does blood doping increase performance
More oxygen is delivered to the working muscles, allowing performer to train for longer, increasing performance
What are 2 reasons why you need to cool down
Aids removal of lactic acid and carbon dioxide
lowers heart rate and breathing rate
improves flexibility
helps avoid dizziness due to blood pooling in the lower limbs
Name all 4 classifications of bones and give examples
Short bone - carpals
Flat bone - cranium
Long bone - humerus
Irregular bone - vertebrea
What muscle contracts and relaxes during plantar flexion at the ankle and name whether they are the antagonist or agonst
gastrocnemius contracts and is the agonist
Tibialis anterior relaxes and is the antagonist
Name 2 advantages and disadvantages of 12 minute cooper test
Advantages: Large group can be tested, simple test to complete
Disadvantages: Need to access to facilities, keeping track of lap numbers can be difficult
Explain why blood doping might lead to infection
Blood doping inolves injecting another persons blood into the perfomers blood therefore as the blood is not the performer's own they could contract an infection
What are the 4 different types of injuries
Abrassions
Concussions
Fractures
Sprains
Muscle tears
Dislocation
Hinge joint - flexion and extension - kicking a football
Ball and socket - flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, - swimming butterfly
Pivot joint - rotation - turning head to breathe in swimming
Condyloid - flexion, extension, adduction, abduction - follow through of hands in netball shot
What are the adaptations of slow twitch and fast twitch muscle fibres and where are they used in sport
Fast twitch - less myglobin/oxygen, contract quickly, low resistance to fatigue
100m sprint
Slow twitch: contain more myglobin/oxygen, contract slowly, high resistance to fatigue
Marathon run
What type of training would games player do and give the advantages & disadvantages
Fartlektraining
Advantages: not boring, can be done anywhere
Disadvantages: self motivation, difficult to measure progress
Explain why a peptide hormone would be more likely taken by a long distance runner than a sprinter
Peptide hormones increase red blood cell count which means long distance runners can carry more oxygen. This means they can maintain a higher pace for longer as o2 is used to release energy aerobically. Sprinters do not rely on o2 to complete their race as they respire anareobically so this hormone is not needed.
Explain 1 prevention method that a performer could use when completing a ploymetric programme without injury
The performer could wear protective clothing and footwear relevant to her exercises such as anklet support. This can allow her to perform agile and powerful movements whilst her ankle remains supported to prevent injuries such as a sprain