Civil War & Reconstruction I
All of the following were major southern defenses of slavery EXCEPT
a)It was sanctified in the Bible by both the Apostle Paul and Abraham
b)all great civilizations like the Greeks and Romans were built upon slavery.
c)slaves on plantations were treated better than northern factory workers.
d)slavery was economically necessary for the southern lifestyle
b) All great civilizations like the Greeks and Romans were built upon slavery.
Radical Republicans favored all of the following EXCEPT
a) the governing of the South by military generals
b) the impeachment of Andrew Johnson
c)the return of former Confederate leaders to positions of power in the South
d)the election of newly enfranchised blacks to positions in Southern state legislatures.
C) the return of Confederate leaders to positions of power in the South.
All other choices were favored by the Radical Republicans. The Reconstruction Act of 1867 placed the former Confederate states under military rule
The practices championed by Frederick W. Taylor that were championed by many factory owners of the era
a)made it easier for immigrant workers to assimilate into American working class.
b)ensured that all workers would receive higher wages and conditions in the factories would improve
c)emphasized the need for greater efficiency in factory operations
d)reemphasized the need for extensive training before the worker could do almost any job in the factory.
c)emphasized the need for greater efficiency in factory operations
Taylorism made efficiency in the workplace a science and set the stage for assembly line production techniques.
This muckraking novel addressed the abuses that occurred in Chicago's meatpacking industry:
a) The Octopus
b) How the Other Half Lives
c) Shame of the Cities
d)The Jungle
d)The Jungle
Upton Sinclair's novel caused a national uproar over working conditions and the unsafe foods that emerged from meatpacking plants.
Republican leaders of the 1920s believed all of the following except
a)"the business of government is business"
b)the government should do as little as possible.
c) labor unions should be strengthened through legislation
d)immigration should continue to be restricted.
c) labor unions should be strengthened through legislation
Republicans tend to lean pro-business rather than pro-labor or pro-union.
Which of the following was NOT an underlying cause of the Great Depression?
a)overproduction
b)the effects of World War I
c)the fragility of the banking system
d)the vastly unequal distribution of wealth
b)the effects of World War I
While there was a brief recession due to demobilization from 1920-1921, it was short lived and many Americans experienced prosperity following the war.
The Civil War Era political cartoon shown above takes which of the following positions?
a)portrays Lincoln as a shallow and vacillating leader incapable of winning the Civil War.
b)supports Lincoln's call for militia troops to defend federal forts and military stations such as Fort Sumter
c)advocates allowing the seceded slave states to leave the Union in peace as a "wayward sister"
d)attacks Lincoln as a radical abolitionist whose policies will destroy the Union and drive the South into secession
a) portrays Lincoln as a shallow and vacillating leader incapable of winning the Civil War.
Black Codes were instituted to
a)increase black participation in Southern politics during Reconstruction.
b)increase the effectiveness of the Freedmen's Bureau
c) prevent black from having certain jobs.
d) maintain slavery in some sections of the Deep South
C) prevent blacks from having certain jobs
Black Codes were adopted by Southern governments in 1866 and limited movement by blacks, preventing them from having certain jobs, and prohibited interracial marriage.
The following statements are true about the new industrial city of the late nineteenth century EXCEPT
a)the working class lived around the factories, usually somewhat near the center of the city.
b)the factories of the city were almost always found near a source of water, since water power was common
c)the central area of the city usually consisted of offices, banks, and insurance buildings.
d)many saloons existed in working-class neighborhoods
b)the factories of the city were almost always found near a source of water, since water power was common
Creation of the steam engine during the First Industrial Revolution enabled factories to be built anywhere, not just on or near water sources.
Successful reform initiated by the Progressives included all but which of the following:
a) governments became more efficient in American cities such as Cleveland.
b) heath and safety conditions improved in some large factories.
c)the conditions of migrants farmers improved to some degree
d) the federal government began to collect a national income tax.
c)the conditions of migrants farmers improved to some degree
Progressives often focused on industrial and city workers rather than agricultural workers.
The election of Herbert Hoover in 1928 demonstrated all of the following except
a)most Americans believed that Republican policies had been responsible for the prosperity of the 1920s.
b) fewer divisions existed between the urban and rural populations than had existed at the beginning of the decade.
c) Prohibition was still a "hot-button issue" for many Americans.
d) America was not ready for a Catholic president.
a)most Americans believed that Republican policies had been responsible for the prosperity of the 1920s.
Hoover's overwhelming election demonstrated the appeal of his business background and the fact that many Americans credited teh Republicans for prosperity.
The Hawley-Smoot Tariff
a)facilitated improved trade relations between the United States and its trade partners
b)reduced the tax on imported industrial goods, thus hurting
c)was the highest tariff in the nation's history and an underlying cause of the Great Depression.
d)was ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.
c)was the highest tariff in the nation's history and an underlying cause of the Great Depression.
The Smooth-Hawley Tariff set import tax rates so high in order to protect American industries that it led to other nations enacting their own trade barriers.
The North held many advantages at the beginning of the Civil War EXCEPT
a)the North occupied more territory than the South
b)the North had more territory than the South.
c)the North had more factories.
d)the North had a larger population.
a) the North occupied more territory than the South.
All other options were major advantages for the Union war effort.
Reconstruction ended as a result of the Compromise of 1877 because
a)a presidential mandate ordered that Reconstruction end.
b)by the provisions of the compromise, the US Army was removed from Southern states.
c) the new president, Rutherford B. Hayes, was strongly against the existing Reconstruction government.
d) many blacks were not in positions of power in the South, and Reconstruction policies were no longer needed.
B) by the provisions of the compromise, the US Army was removed from Southern states.
After Hayes was given the presidency by the Compromise of 1877, the US Army left control of the South to the South. Without the army present to enforce Reconstruction policies, these policies ended. Blacks were soon second-class citizens again.
Evidence that the standard of living for the working class improved in this era could be found by carefully analyzing all of the following EXCEPT
a)a comparison of increased wages with increased living costs for factory workers
b)an analysis of the increase diversity of foods available for purchase by factory workers
c)an analysis of the growth of amusement parks, sporting events, and movie theaters in the major cities.
d)a comparison of the wages of most immigrant workers with the wages of workers who remained to work in the "old country"
a)a comparison of increased wages with increased living costs for factory workers
Many diverse foods were available for purchase by factory workers, but few could afford them. For many workers, wages did go up in this period; however, increased living costs often outstripped higher wages.
Which of the following was LEAST likely to be a Progressive in this era?
a)a member of the Protestant Social Gospel movement
b)a large stockholder in United States Steel
c) a follower of Eugene Debs
d) a member of the Bull Moose Party
b)a large stockholder in United States Steel
Progressives were insistent that corporations like United States Steel be made to reform. Members of the Social Gospel movement and Socialist followers of Eugene Debs shared goals with Progressives.
War weariness and dissatisfaction with the post-war world order led many Americans to
a)advocate for the repeal of the Volstead Act
b)favor a loose immigration policy
c)condemn the abundant changes in urban life
d)favor an isolationist policy
d)favor an isolationist policy
Many Americans sought to reduce foreign influence on American culture and American involvement in international affairs following the war, the peace conference, and the rising Bolshevik threat. They therefore favored an isolationist foreign policy.
Which opponent of FDR introduced an alternative to the New Deal in the form of the Old Age Revolving Pension Plan?
a)Herbert Hoover
b)Huey Long
c)Father Coughlin
d) Francis Townsend
d) Francis Townsend
A retired physician who lost his savings, Townsend proposed the pension plan.
European states did not diplomatically recognize the Confederacy in the Civil War because
a)there were alternative sources of cotton and other crops that they could turn to.
b)they opposed the Confederacy's position on slavery.
c) they did not believe that the Confederacy could win.
d) all of the above.
D) all of the above.
All of the reasons given helped convince the Europeans not to assist the Confederacy. The Confederacy's position on slavery proved to be especially troublesome, since slavery had long been outlawed in Europe.
The Fifteenth Amendment
a)allowed Southern states to reenter the Union
b)outlawed slavery.
c)stated that a person could not be denied the vote because of his color
d)said that former Confederate officials could not hold public office.
C) stated that a person could not be denied the vote because of his color.
Fifteenth Amendment states that no American could be denied the right to vote "on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude."
The railroad strike of 1877
a) was the first time a president ordered US troops to stop a strike
b)led to significant wage increases for railroad workers
c)was the first time that management recognized the legitimacy of a trade union
d)led to significant improvements in worker safety laws but not wage increases
a) was the first time a president ordered US troops to stop a strike
President Hayes became the first US president to use troops to quell a strike.
Which of the following did NOT occur during Woodrow Wilson's presidency?
a)the formation of the Federal Trade Commission
b)the passing of the Federal Reserve Act
c) the passing of the Clayton Antitrust Act
d) the formation of the Meat Inspection Act
d) the formation of the Meat Inspection Act
The Meat Inspection Act was passed in response to Upton Sinclair's The Jungle during Theodore Roosevelt's presidency.
Following World War I, the "Red Scare" was fueled by
a) Russia's decision not to enter World War I
b)the claim that many members of the US government were communist sympathizers
c)the success of the Bolsheviks during the Russian Revolution
d)the influence of isolationists in Congress following World War I.
c)the success of the Bolsheviks during the Russian Revolution
Many Americans were not only critical of Russia's decision to pull out of World War I but also fearful of the rise of communism in the world's largest nation, especially given Soviet president Lenin's desire to spread communism to other nations
In order to to address the problem of rampant speculation in the stock market, FDR
a) closed the stock exchange for four days.
b) placed a limit on how much money an individual or company could invest in the stock market.
c) established the Securities and Exchange Commission
d) set a ceiling on how high the price of a stock could go.
c) established the Securities and Exchange Commission
The SEC is still the "watchdog" of the stock exchange.
George Templeton Strong diary entry
answer 2/3 correct to receive the points.
D, D, A
14th Amendment
Answer both questions correctly to receive the points.
B, A
Mary Antin & Grover Cleveland quotes
Answer 2/3 to receive the points
D, B, B
George Washington Plunkitt quote
Answer 2/3 to receive the points
Francis E. Townsend quote
answer 2/3 to receive the points
D, B, C
-The Townsend Plan was intended to combat the Great Depression by putting more money into circulation. Townsend called for the creation of a national sales tax that would fund monthly payments of $200 for all Americans over the age of 60; those receiving this pension would be required to spend all the $200 each month. Townsend thought this idea would end the problem of elderly Americans living in poverty and revive the American economy by increasing the consumption of American goods and services by millions of dollars.
Herbert Hoover quote
Answer 3/4 questions correctly to receive the points.
B, C, A, D