Heart 1
Known as the pacemaker of the heart, this structure initiates the heartbeat and controls the heart rate.
What is the sinoatrial (SA) node?
This is the largest artery in the body, which carries oxygen-rich blood from the left ventricle to the rest of the body.
What is the aorta?
This is the primary muscle of respiration that contracts to allow the lungs to expand during inhalation.
What is the diaphragm?
This is the term for the small air sacs where oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange occurs in the lungs.
What are alveoli?
This part of the brain is responsible for coordinating voluntary movements and maintaining posture and balance.
What is the cerebellum?
This is the term for the innermost layer of the heart chambers.
What is the endocardium?
These vessels supply oxygen-rich blood to the myocardium.
What are the coronary arteries?
These are the two main branches off the trachea that lead directly into the lungs.
What are the bronchi?
This protein in red blood cells binds oxygen in the lungs and releases it in tissues while carrying carbon dioxide back to the lungs for exhalation.
What is hemoglobin?
These types of nerves are responsible for carrying sensory information to the CNS.
What are afferent nerves?
This phase of the cardiac cycle occurs when the ventricles fill with blood following atrial contraction.
What is diastole?
Located in the interatrial septum, this node delays the impulse from the SA node before it passes to the ventricles.
What is the atrioventricular (AV) node?
This term describes the process of exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and the air in the lungs.
What is gas exchange?
This structure acts as a lid over the trachea, preventing food and drink from entering the lungs during swallowing.
What is the epiglottis?
This tough, outermost layer of the meninges protects the brain and spinal cord.
What is the dura mater?
This term describes the volume of blood the heart pumps per minute and is calculated by multiplying stroke volume by heart rate.
Cardiac Output
This is the term for the heart chamber that pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs via the pulmonary artery.
What is the right ventricle?
This artery carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.
What is the pulmonary artery?
These tiny hair-like structures line the respiratory tract and move rhythmically to help clear mucus and debris from the lungs.
What are cilia?
This neurotransmitter is crucial for 'fight or flight' responses and is also involved in alertness and wakefulness.
What is norepinephrine?
This valve prevents backflow from the right ventricle to the right atrium.
What is the tricuspid valve?
This term refers to the resistance that must be overcome for the ventricles to eject blood during systole.
What is afterload?
This respiratory condition, characterized by the collapse of lung tissue, affects the exchange of respiratory gases in the alveoli.
What is atelectasis?
This is the volume of air that remains in the lungs after a normal exhalation, preventing lung collapse.
What is functional residual capacity?
Located in the lower brainstem, this structure regulates vital functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure.
What is the medulla oblongata?