Acid / Base Balance
This is the normal pH range of human blood.
What is 7.35 - 7.45?
This bone is the longest in the human body.
What is the femur?
This type of muscle is involuntary and striated.
What is cardiac muscle?
Convert 1 mg into micrograms.
What is 1,000 mcg?
This 1966 landmark federal document is considered the birthplace of modern EMS.
What is “Accidental Death and Disability: The Neglected Disease of Modern Society” (the White Paper)?
A high PaCO₂ level causes this acid-base imbalance.
What is respiratory acidosis?
This nerve, originating from C3–C5, controls the diaphragm.
What is the phrenic nerve?
This ECG waveform represents ventricular depolarization.
What is the QRS complex?
0.3 mg of epinephrine 1:1,000 is this many milliliters.
What is 0.3 mL?
She helped develop modern paramedic education while working with Dr. Peter Safar.
Who is Dr. Nancy Caroline?
This respiratory change is the body's primary compensation for metabolic acidosis.
What is increased minute ventilation to blow off CO₂?
These vessels supply oxygenated blood to the myocardium.
What are the coronary arteries?
Stroke volume multiplied by heart rate produces this.
What is cardiac output?
The volume of Ketorlac to administer 5 mg which is supplied as 2 mg/mL
What is 2.5 mL?
While the exact author is unknown, this quote was used to highlight the difference in care that a person would receive in Vietnam as compared to civilian EMS care in 1960s America.
"In Vietnam, a soldier could expect advanced care within minutes. In America, a civilian could wait hours."
A patient with pH 7.50, PaCO₂ 30 mmHg, and HCO₃⁻ 24 mEq/L has this disorder.
What is respiratory alkalosis?
This brain structure controls ventilation primarily by monitoring CO₂.
What is the medulla oblongata?
This hormone is released during sympathetic stimulation by the adrenal medulla.
What is epinephrine?
The amount of volume you need to draw up to prepare a 30 mg ketamine infusion. The vial concentration is 500 mg / 5 mL.
What is 0.3 mL?
President Lyndon Johnson’s Highway Safety Act of 1966 created this agency, which became the earliest federal driver of EMS standards.
What is the National Highway Safety Bureau (now NHTSA)?
This is the slowest but most powerful acid-base regulatory system.
What is the renal bicarbonate buffer system?
This is the anatomical space in which air accumulates during a tension pneumothorax.
What is the pleural space?
This physiological principle states that oxygen releases more readily from hemoglobin in acidic, warm, or hypercapnic environments.
What is the Bohr effect?
Dopamine at 10 mcg/kg/min for a 70-kg patient using a 400 mg/250 mL bag results in this infusion rate.
What is 26.25 mL/hr?
This historically significant Pittsburgh ambulance service was staffed primarily by Black paramedics and set national standards for prehospital care.
What is Freedom House Ambulance?