The part of the upper airway where the gag reflex is most profound
What is the hypopharynx
100
Three types of lung receptors.
What are irritant, stretch and J receptors
100
This substance reduces surface tension and helps keep alveoli open. Can be washed away in cases of pulmonary edema or near drowning and the alveoli may collapse.
What is surfactant
100
The most ominous breath sounds
What are no breath sounds
100
Pink puffers and Blue bloaters
Hint: emphazyma and chronic bronchitis respectively
What are two types of COPD
200
These highly vascular ridges are covered with mucus mambrane and function to trap particles and warm and humidify incoming air.
What is the nasal conchea or turbinates
200
This stretch reflex protects against over expansion of the lungs by decreasing ventilatory rate and volume.
What is the Hering-Breuer Reflex
200
The nerve that innervates the diaphragm.
What is the phrenic nerve
200
Abnormal breath sounds that have a fine crackling quality
What are crackles or rails
200
Airway edema, broncho-spasm and increased mucus production
What are the components of the asthma triad
300
The glottis is the deviding line between the upper and lower respiratory tract, this cartiage is it's exterior land mark.
What is the thyroid cartilage
300
These receptors are located near the respiratory centers in the brain and are sensitive to very small changes in hydrogen ion concentration in the CSF
What are central chemoreceptors
300
Cyanosis begins at about this oxygen saturation
Hint: measured in g/dL
What is 5 g/dL desaturation
300
Coarse, low pitched breath sounds heard in patients in patients who chronically have mucus in the airways.
What are rhonchi
300
Right sided heart failure is right ventricular hypertrophy caused by high pressure in the lungs—pulmonary hypertension—usually from COPD
What is cor pulmonale
400
The lower airway is divided into these two zones.
What are the conducting and respiratory zones?
400
These receptors are located in the aortic and carotid bodies and arch of the aorta . Primarily sensitive to oxygen levels
As PaO2 and pH decreases they signal increased ventilation
What are peripheral chemoreceptors
400
This must be done in order to listen to lung sounds over the right middle lobe.
What is displacing the right breast
400
High pitched whistling breath sounds, can be heard on inspiration, expiration or both.
When a patient depends on peripheral chemoreceptors to regulate respirations instead of central chemoreceptors.
(decrease PaO2 instead of increase in PaCo2)
What is a hypoxic drive
500
The direction of tracheal divation in a tension pneumothorax.
What is divation away from the affected lung.
500
A term use for any abnormal breath sound.
What are adventitious breath sounds
500
Bed rest
Long flights
Clotting disorders
Smoking
BCP
Injury