Life Cycle I
Cyst ingested in water from human/animal fecal contamination --> trophozoite multiples in small bowel and is excreted to the environment
What is Giardia duodenalis?
Ixodes tick injects infective form --> infects RBCs --> divides to tetrad
What is Babesia microti?
Diarrhea, foul floating stool, and malabsorption
What is Giardiasis?
*Bonus: what is the causative organism*
Blood smear, tetrad (maltese cross), NAAT
What is Babesiosis?
Oocyst in cat feces or tissue cysts in meat infect through gut --> transit to organs --> trophozites infects intracellulary --> sexual cycle --> oocysts in feces
What is Toxoplasmosis gondii?
Anopheles mosquito injects infective form --> heptatocytes --> develop to merozoites --> circulate and infect RBCs --> lyse RBCs
What is Plasmodium spp.?
Severe watery diarrhea in people with HIV
What is Cryptosporidiosis?
*Bonus: what is the causative organism*
Acid-fast cysts in stool, antigenic test, NAAT
What is Cryptosporidum parvum?
Ingest cyst from food, water contaminated with human feces --> trophozoite multiplies --> invades bowel, tissues --> trophozoites in stool convert to cysts --> environment
What is Entamoeba histolytica?
Sandfly bite --> 2-8wk incubation
What is Leishmania spp.?
Most infections are asymptomic, may be mono-like. Congenital infection characterized by micro/hydrocephalus, recurrent chrioretinitis. In HIV+ patients, will see reactive encephalitis, characterised by multiple ring-enhancing lesions on CT/MRI
What is Toxoplasmosis?
*Bonus: what is the causative organism*
Blood smear ring forms, gametocytes, antigen test, NAAT
What is Malaria?
Oocysts ingested from animal/human fecal contamination --> multiplel intracellularly just under the membrane of gut epithelial cells
What is Cryptosporidium?
Fever, headache, chills, anemia, high parasitemia in asplenic patients and the elderly
What is Babesiosis?
*Bonus: what is the causative organism*
Asymptomatic or abdominal pain, dystentery, flask-shaped ulcers, liver abscess
What is Amebiasis?
*Bonus: what is the causative organism*
Serology, NAAT, imaging
Incubation period 10-40 days
What is Plasmodium spp.?
Intracellular form in biopsy of ulcer margin, Montenegro skin test, and NAAT
What is Leishmania spp.?
Headache, fever, joint pain, chill, nausea/vomitting, cyclic/irregular fevers (depending on spp.), anemia, splenomegaly, and hemoglobinuria
What is Malaria?
*Bonus: what are the causative organisms*
Cyst in stool, trophozoites in lesions and fecal antigen (2)
What are Entamoeba histolytica AND Giardia duodenalis?