MISC INFO
Mohammad Ali, US Attorney General Janet Reno, and actor Michael J. Fox
Prominent people with Parkinsons
Term used to describe the Parkinson disease like extrapyramidal symptoms
What is Parkinsonism
A part of the brain called ________________ is a dopamine rich area, where nerve cell bodies begin to degenerate
What is substantia nigra
Drugs that increase effects of dopamine at receptor sites
Dopaminergic agents
Agents are effective as long as there is enough intact ______________ in the substania nigra to respond to increased levels of dopamine
What is neurons
Cure For parkinsons
no known cure
The cause of Parkinson disease is not known. What is known is it has damaged neurons in the _________
What is the basal ganglia of the brain
connected to the substantia nigra by a series of neurons that use gamma-aminobutyric acid, an inhibitory neurotransmitter
What is corpus striatum
Drug can only be administered SQ and not orally often given with the drug trimethobenzamide
Apopmorphine
Binds with postsynaptic dopamine receptors
Apomorphine
Management of signs and symptoms to provide optimal functioning
Therapy is aimed at
Viral infections, blows to the head brain infection, atherosclerosis, exposure to drugs, exposure to environmental factors
What are theories as to why Parkinsons happens
When dopamine decreases in the corpus striatum a chemical imbalance occurs that allows the _______________ or ________________ to dominate
What is cholinergic or excitatory cells
Mainstay drug in the treatment of Parkinsons
What is Levodopa
Another newer dopamine agonist, increases dopamine in the nerve synapse and inhibits MAO
Rasagiline
Shuffling gait, rhythmic tremors
Surgical procedures have been attempted with varying success
What is has surgery been successful in treatment.
Dopamine does not cross this barrier, therefore, drugs must increase dopamine levels in the substania nigra
What is the blood brain barrier
When Levodopa is combined with carbidopa the enzyme dopa decarboxylose is inhibited in the periphery, diminishing the metabolism of levodopa in the ________ tract
What is the GI tract
Associated with a risk for hypotension and prolonged QT interval
Apomorphine
Difficulty in performing intentional movements and extreme slowness and sluggishness
What is Bradykinesia
When swallowing becomes a problem a referral to this therapist is done.
What is Speech therapist
This medication is a dopamine agonist, the newest one. only available in transdermal form and is also used to treat restless leg syndrome
Rotigotine
Does not depend on cells to biotransform or to increase the release of already produced dopamine
Bromocriptine
Metabolized in the liver and peripheral cells, excreted in the urine
Dopaminergics