Enzymes & Chemical Reactions
This type of protein acts as a biological catalyst to speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy
Enzyme
The macromolecule in food that your body breaks down first to produce ATP
Carbohydrates
Small organelles found in all cells responsible for assembling proteins
Ribosomes
The specific sub-phase of Interphase during which cellular DNA is duplicated
The S Phase
A disease characterized by uncontrolled, rapid cell division
Cancer
The specific region on an enzyme where the reactant binds to undergo a chemical reaction
Active Site
Chemical energy is released from an ATP molecule when this specific bond is broken
The bond between the 2nd and 3rd phosphate
Plant cell organelles that capture solar energy and transform it into chemical energy stored in sugars
Chloroplasts
If a parent cell with 16 chromosomes completes mitosis, each of the resulting daughter cells will contain this number of chromosomes
16
A mass or cluster of abnormal cells formed by uncontrolled cell division
Tumor
A chemical reaction that releases more energy than it absorbs. Draw the energy diagram for this reaction as well.
Exothermic
The three main structural components that make up a single molecule of ATP
Adenine, ribose sugar, and 3 phosphate groups
A solution containing a higher solute concentration than the inside of a cell, causing water to leave and the cell to shrivel
Hypertonic
The four sequential phases of mitosis in the correct chronological order
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase (PMAT)
A non-cancerous tumor whose abnormal cells remain localized at their original site
Benign tumor
Name two environmental factors that can alter an enzyme’s shape (denature it) or change the rate of reaction
Temperature, pH, substrate concentration, competitive inhibitor
The lower-energy molecule formed when ATP loses a phosphate group
ADP
An active transport process where a cell uses energy to engulf large materials and bring them inside
Endocytosis
The phase following nuclear division (mitosis) that completes cell division by splitting the cytoplasm
Cytokinesis
The process where malignant cancer cells enter the bloodstream or lymph system to spread throughout the body
Metastasis
The specific reactant molecule that binds directly to an enzyme’s active site
Substrate
The name and specific location of the process that produces ATP.
Cellular Respiration. Mitochondria
During cytokinesis, plant cells construct this wall-like structure down the middle of the cell, whereas animal cells form a cleavage furrow
Cell Plate
The phase of mitosis where duplicated chromosomes line up across the center (equator) of the cell
Metaphase
Physical or chemical agents, such as tobacco smoke or UV radiation, that damage DNA and cause cancer
Carcinogens