Addiction, What is It?
In 2016, __________ caused the sharpest increase in drug-related deaths.
a.heroin
b.methamphetamine
c.cocaine
d.fentanyl
d.fentanyl
Which of the following administration routes for cocaine has the SLOWEST initial onset of action?
a.The oral route
b. By smoking cocaine
c.The intranasal route
d.The intravenous route
a.The oral route
As with many drugs of abuse, the positively reinforcing effects of ethanol are thought to be ultimately the result of the activation of the which neurotransmitter:
Dopmamine
True or False: Caffiene is the most widely used psychoactive substance
True
True or False: Currently, amphetamine is legitimately used to treat ADHD, and similar disorders
True
Schedule I drugs:
a.have minimal potential for abuse.
b.are not currently used for medical treatments in the United States.
c.have some potential for abuse.
d.are commonly prescribed to treat pain.
b.are not currently used for medical treatments in the United States.
Crack cocaine is produced by mixing _____ with _____.
a.coca paste; baking soda
b.coca paste; salt
c.cocaine hydrochloride; baking soda
d.cocaine hydrochloride; a salt
c. cocaine hydrochloride; baking soda
The administration of naltrexone may block craving for alcohol, suggesting that ______ receptors may be involved in alcohol dependence.
a.glutamate
b.GABA
c.serotonin
d.opioid
d.opioid
Smokers of menthol cigarettes are _____ likely to quit and have _____ relapse rates than smokers of nonmenthol cigarettes.
a.less; lower
b.less; higher
c.more; lower
d.more; higher
b.less; higher
Amphetamine __________ compared to cocaine.
a. is more lipid soluble
b. also acts as a local anesthetic
c. has a longer half-life
d. is less potent
c. has a longer half-life
The pathway between the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and the _____ is critical for the addiction process because lesions to this pathway eliminate addiction.
nucleus accumbens (NAc)
Cocaine-induced psychosis symptoms can mimic the symptoms of what mental illness?
Schizophrenia
Long-acting benzodiazepines may be used during alcohol withdrawal because they:
a.eliminate drug craving.
b.suppress withdrawal symptoms.
c.stimulate glutamate activity.
d.suppress seizure activity.
b.suppress withdrawal symptoms.
Caffeine is an _____ to adenosine, and an _____ to dopamine.
a.agonist; agonist
b.agonist; antagonist
c.antagonist; agonist
d.antagonist; antagonist
c.antagonist; agonist
Chronic methamphetamine use results in _____ gray matter and _____ white matter in the brain.
a.decreased; decreased
b.decreased; increased
c.increased; decreased
d.increased; increased
b. decreased; increased
Addiction results from _____ to drugs of abuse as well as hypersensitivity to _____.
a.hyposensitivity; depressive stimuli
b.hyposensitivity; environmental stressors
c.hypersensitivity; environmental stressors
d.hypersensitivity; depressive stimuli
c. hypersensitivity; environmental stressors
The combination of cocaine and ethanol:
a.forms a compound that is more toxic than cocaine.
b.forms a compound that potentiates cocaine's toxicity.
c.produces a metabolite in liver that is more toxic than and potentiates the effects of cocaine.
d.forms a compound that inhibits the central nervous system effects of cocaine.
ANSWER:
c
produces a metabolite in liver that is more toxic than and potentiates the effects of cocaine.
Explain some of the three factors that contribute to the observation that women tend to have higher blood ethanol blood concentrations than men for consuming the same amount of alcohol.
Amount of gastric ADH; different body muscle and fat percentages.
The elimination half-life of nicotine in a chronic user is about:
a.30 minutes.
b. 2 hours
c.12 to 24 hours.
d.greater than 24 hours.
b. 2 hours
What are the effects of methamphetamines on pregnancy?
Suggested Answer:
Growth retardation, low birth weight, intracerebral hemorrhage, psychological disorders, aggression, ADHD; demographic data on methamphetamine-using mothers.