Research Design
The primary distinction between experimental designs and quasi-experimental designs.
What is randomization?
In a true experiment, the __________ group does not receive the treatment to examine if the treatment is effective or not.
What is the control group?
This type of question is closed-ended and typically offers a scale from, for example, “strongly agree,” “agree,” “disagree,” and “strongly disagree.”
What is a likert scale?
The key difference between probability and non-probability sampling.
What is randomization?
The difference between quota and stratified sampling.
What is randomization? Quota can not guarantee on other characteristics that the data are representative.
A study in which the pre-test is not given before an intervention
Post-test design
An experimental design where one set of experimental and control groups receives both pretest and posttest while the other set of groups receives only posttest. All participants are randomly assigned.
What is the Solomon four-group design?
Nominal, ordinal, ratio, and interval
What are measurement types?
Sampling error
the difference between the sample mean and the population mean
You must have an adequate _____________ to ensure that your sample falls close to the true population mean.
What is sample size?
As sample size increases, the SEM
decreases
A quasi experimental design where researchers use observations right around a cut-off score to identify if a treatment worked.
What is regression discontinuity?
To be a good closed-ended question, its responses must be __________ and __________.
The distribution assumed in the theory of probability sampling.
What is a normal distribution?
This sampling strategy requires that a researcher locates one or two individuals who meet the characteristics required and then asks those subjects to recommend other participants.
What is snowball sampling?
The most obvious problem of one shot case study designs.
There is no baseline measure of participants’ attitudes or scores before they receive the treatment.
__________ measures the dependent variable before the experimental stimulus is administered.
What is the pre-test?
Non-directional hypothesis
A two-tailed hypothesis, predicts a difference or relationship between two variables without specifying the direction of that difference. In other words, it states that the means of two groups will be different, but it doesn't specify which group will have a higher mean.
Why is it important to consider a probability sampling strategy?
What is external validity? Can this sample generalize to the greater population? Better able to avoid selection bias.
Stratified sampling
researchers divide subjects into subgroups called strata based on characteristics that they share (e.g., race, gender, educational attainment). Once divided, each subgroup is randomly sampled using another probability sampling method.
The difference between random selection and random assignment.
What is random selection is randomization of who gets recruited for a study why random assignment is randomization of who ends up in the treatment and control groups?
Things you must have for a study to be considered a classic experimental design.
Pre-test/Post-test and randomization into treatment and control groups
Measurement error
is equal to the difference between the true score and the observed score
the most common form of sampling used in PT research
convenience sampling
If I were to sample the first 2 rows of our class, this is the type of sample I would be creating.
What is a convenience sample?