Vocabulary
A "fake" treatment that looks just like the treatment being tested
What is a placebo
The variable(s) that we control, change or impose in an experiment.
What is explanatory or factor?
The experimental units assigned to a baseline treatment level, either the default or a placebo treatment.
What is a control group
This type of statistical design that we have learned is the only one where we can (officially) show a cause-and-effect relationship.
What is an experiment?
A group of researchers analyzed data from 3 different studies that followed high school students attendance and mental health in 2010.
Identify whether this was an observational study or an experiment. If it is an observational study, identify whether it is retrospective or prospective.
An observational retrospective study
This procedure manipulates factor levels, randomly assigns subjects and compares responses of all subject groups across treatment levels.
What is an experiment
A study where no treatments are applied, in which subjects are identified in advance and data is collected as events unfold.
What is a prospective study
Occurs when a subjects reacts favorably to a treatment when in fact the subject has been given a fake treatment.
What is placebo effect
Another name for the explanatory variable in your experiment
What is a factor or independent variable
In a test of roughly 200 older men and women, those with moderately high blood pressure did worse on tests of memory and reaction time than those with normal blood pressure.
Identify whether this was an observational study or an experiment. If it is an observational study, identify whether it is retrospective or prospective.
What is a prospective observational study
The combination of specific levels from all the factors that an experimental unit receives
What is Treatment
The variable whose values are measured and compared across different treatments.
What is the response variable?
This occurs in an experiment when any individual associated with an experiment who is not aware of how subjects have been allocated to treatment groups.
What is blinding, single blind, double blind
The term used to describe applying each treatment to several subjects.
What is replication
When the presence of others discourages an individual from intervening in an emergency situation
What is the bystander effect
A study where the researchers don't assign choices, they simply observe them.
What is an observational study
An observed difference that is larger than we'd get just from the randomization alone.
What is statistically significant?
An experiment where both the researchers and the participants are unaware how the treatments are being allocated.
What is double-blind experiment
These are the 3 main principles of Experimental Design
The famous experiment about using a white rat and a loud noise to scare a baby.
What is "The Little Albert" Experiment
A study in which subjects are selected and their previous conditions or behaviors are observed.
What is a Retrospective Study
The individuals on whom or which we experiment on.
What are experimental units, subjects, or participants.
This process helps equalize the effects of unknown or uncontrollable sources of variation.
What is randomization
When we are uncertain which of two variables is causing an effect. This third variable is unfortunately intertwined in our experiment.
What is confounding
The famous experiment that was a two week simulation of a prison environment. They randomly assigned roles of "guard" and "prisoner" to a group of white males.
What is The Stanford Prison Experiment