cell differentiation
cells that have never differentiated
What is an embryonic stem cell?
one long continuous thread of dna that consists of thousands of genes and regulatory information
What is a chromosone?
a repeated pattern of growth
What is a cell cycle?
the division of the cytoplasm into two individual cells
What is cytokinesis?
uncontrolled cell division
What is cancer?
cells found in bone marrow
What is an adult stem cell?
one half of a duplicated chromosone
What is a chromatid?
cell grows and makes protiens
What is G1?
Chromosones condense and are visible as sister chromatids, nuclear membrane vanishes, spindle fibers form out of centrioles
What is prophase?
clumps of cells that divide uncontrollably
What is a tumor?
one individual member of a species
What is an organism?
ends of the dna molecule
What is a telemere?
growth and repair
What are 2 purposes of the cell?
spindle fibers connect to the centrosomes of each sister chromatid and chromoses line up in the middle of the cell
What is metaphase?
abnormal cells that typically remain clustered together- may be harmless or easily removed
What is benign?
undifferentiated cells that become differentiated into one or more types of specialized cells
What are stem cells?
chromosones always occur in pairs of this
What are homologous chromosones?
dna replication occurs, doubling the number of chromosones
What is s (synthesis)?
sister chromatids seperate, chromatids move to opposite sides of the cell
What is anaphase?
cancer cells that break away from the tumor and move to other parts of the body leading to more tumors
What is malignant?
the origin and development of bodily organs.
What is organogenesis?
the region of a chromosome to which the microtubules of the spindle attach
What is a centromere?
more cell growth and protien synthesis
What is G2?
chromosones decondense and start to look like chromatin (threadlike), nuclear membrane reforms, spindle fibers break down
What is teleophase?
cancer causing agents; chemicals that cause cancer by mutating dna
What are carcinogens?