Orientation & Wind Rose
The four main points on a compass.
North, East, South, West
The line at 0° latitude that divides Earth into Northern and Southern hemispheres.
Equator
A scale shown as a ratio like 1:50,000 is known as this.
Numerical scale
Small images or icons used on maps to show features (e.g., trees, airports).
map symbols or pictograms
Latitude lines run in which direction across the globe?
east–west (horizontal)
What are intermediate (or intercardinal) directions?
Directions like Northeast, Northwest, Southeast, Southwest.
The meridian at 0° longitude (the global reference meridian).
Prime Meridian (Greenwich Meridian)
The type of scale shown as a bar that you can measure directly with a ruler.
A graphic (bar) scale
The color commonly used to represent water on maps.
blue
Longitude lines run in which direction from pole to pole?
north–south (vertical)
Northeast (NE) is halfway between North and East. How many degrees is it?
45°
Meridians meet at these two points on Earth.
North and South Poles
Changing a map from 1:50,000 to 1:100,000 is called doing what to the scale?
reducing the scale (scaling down)
The map element that explains what every symbol, color and line means.
the map legend (or key)
Latitude degrees go from ___ to ___ (north and south extremes).
90°S to 90°N
If East is 90°, how many degrees is South?
180°
The main difference: parallels vs. meridians.
parallels are lines of latitude (east–west) and meridians are lines of longitude (north–south)
On a 1:100,000 map, 1 cm on the map equals how many kilometers in reality?
1 km (1:100,000 → 1 cm = 1 km)
A dashed line on many maps commonly represents this (e.g., small trail).
a path or trail (or minor route)
Longitude degrees go from ___ to ___ (east and west extremes).
180°W to 180°E
West is 270°. Which direction is 135°?
Southeast (SE)
If meridians are drawn every 15°, how many meridians appear around the globe?
24
Two cities are 3.5 cm apart on a 1:200,000 map. What is the real-world distance in km?
7 km (1 cm = 2 km at 1:200,000 → 3.5 × 2 = 7 km)
These three main types of map projections are named after the shapes they are based on:
cylindrical, conical, and flat.
The coordinate point (0°, 0°) — where is it located (name or description)?
the Equator and Prime Meridian (0°,0°), sometimes nicknamed “Null Island” (in the Gulf of Guinea)