Skeletal
True or False
The appendicular skeleton are the bones of your limbs and the bones which connect your limbs to the axial skeleton.
True
True or False
Muscle tissue is also found inside of the heart, digestive organs, and blood vessels.
True
What component of blood carries oxygen?
Red Blood Cells
True or False?
The larynx are tiny air sacs in your lungs that take up the oxygen you breathe in and keep your body going.
False - Alveoli
Where is the humerus located, and where are the tarsals located?
(teacher to determine if correct)
What is the function of the muscular system?
Allows for movement to participate in day-to-day activities, and to perform sports and physical activities.
Performs voluntary movements.
What are two functions of the circulatory system?
- It carries blood from the heart to all the cells of the body, providing them with fuel and oxygen
- It carries waste products away from the body, including carbon dioxide.
What is inspiration and what is expiration?
Air entering the lungs, and air blown out from the lungs - breathing in and breathing out.
What are three functions of the skeletal system?
- Supporting and protecting the body
- Framework for movement
- Stores minerals
- Manufactures blood
- Protects organs
Identify three muscles that make up your back muscles.
(teacher to determine if correct)
What is the role of white blood cells and platelets?
These are larger than red blood cells but fewer in number. White blood cells fight infection and kill bacteria that enter the body.
Platelets are responsible for forming clots to stop excessive bleeding.
What is the role of the respiratory system?
Works in conjunction (together) with the cardiovascular system to deliver oxygen to working muscles and remove carbon dioxide.
Explain the difference between ligaments and tendons.
Tendons are tough inelastic cords that attach muscles to bones. These further strengthen the joint and allow the joint to move.
Ligaments are fibrous bands that connect bones to bones. These maintain stability in the joint.
In the upward phase of a bicep curl, the bicep is the agonist, and the tricep is the antagonist. Explain what this means, and provide another movement example.
When bending the elbow towards the shoulder, the biceps muscle contracts and is the agonist, the triceps muscles stretch and is the antagonists. When the movement is reversed and the elbow extended the triceps contract and is the agonists and the biceps muscles lengthens and is the antagonist.
Explain the relationship between arteries, capillaries and veins.
Arteries are elastic tubes which carry blood away from the heart. They carry blood rich in oxygen and branch out into smaller vessels called arterioles. The pressure in the arteries is higher than in other vessels because they carry blood away from the heart.
Capillaries are tiny vessels which work their way through joints, bones, muscles and organs, dropping off oxygen and nutrients, and picking up waste and carbon dioxide.
Capillaries then feed into venules (small veins) which lead into veins. Veins carry used blood back to the heart from the body so that it can be sent to the lungs to pick up oxygen again.
Veins are low in pressure so they have valves inside them to prevent the back flow of blood.
What is the role of the diaphragm in the respiratory system?
Upon inhalation, the diaphragm contracts and flattens and the chest cavity enlarges. This contraction creates a vacuum, which pulls air into the lungs. Upon exhalation, the diaphragm relaxes and returns to its domelike shape, and air is forced out of the lungs.
Identify the difference between long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones and sesamoid bones, and provide an example for each.
Long bones - long and slightly curved e.g. femur
Short bones - small and nearly equal in length and width e.g. tarsals
Flat bones - thin and flat e.g. sternum
Irregular bones - unusual shape e.g. bones that make up the spine
Sesamoid bones - small and must cope with stress e.g. patella
What is the difference between isotonic and isometric contractions? Provide sporting examples.
Isometric contraction - the muscle develops tension but there is no change in length. For example a wall sit or forearm plank.
Isotonic contraction- the muscle develops tension and there is a change in the length of the muscle. For example doing a bicep curl with a dumbbell or barbell.
Outline the circulation of blood through the heart.
Deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium from the superior and inferior venae cavae.
From right atrium, it goes through the tricuspid valve to the right ventricle.
From the right ventricle, it goes through the pulmonary valve to the right and left pulmonary arteries to the lungs.
From the lungs, oxygenated blood is returned to the heart through the pulmonary veins.
From the pulmonary veins, blood flows into the left atrium.
From the left atrium, blood flows through the bicuspid valve into the left ventricle.
From the left ventricle, it goes through the aorta.
Blood is distributed to the rest of the body from the aorta.
Where does the air we breathe in go? Explain the process.
Oxygen enters the respiratory system through the mouth and the nose.
Oxygen passes through the larynx and the trachea.
In the chest cavity, the trachea splits into two smaller tubes called the bronchi. Each bronchus then divides again forming the bronchial tubes. The bronchial tubes lead directly into the lungs where they divide into many smaller tubes which connect to alveoli.
Alveoli are sac-like air spaces in the lung where carbon dioxide and oxygen are exchanged.
The inhaled oxygen passes into the alveoli and then diffuses through the capillaries into the arterial blood.
Meanwhile, the waste-rich blood from the veins releases its carbon dioxide into the alveoli. Carbon dioxide follows the same path out of the lungs when you exhale