Opportunities and Pathways for Physical Activity and Sport AND Participating with Safety
Sports Injuries and Assessment
100
Define the following:
- Circulatory system.
- Respiratory system.
Circulatory System- the system in the body responsible for circulating (and transporting) blood throughout the body.
Respiratory System- the system in the body responsible for respiration, therefore, responsible for the intake and exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
100
Name the three energy systems.
ATP/PC system, Lactic Acid System and the Aerobic System.
100
Why is hydration important?
To avoid impaired sporting performance and possible health problems.
100
List three ways you can volunteer in physical activity and sport.
E.g. first aid officer, coaching a local team, managing a local team etc.
100
Provide examples of soft and hard tissue injuries.
Soft Tissue- sprains, strains, bruises, bleeding etc. Hard Tissue- fractures, dislocations, dislodged tooth etc.
200
List the main components of the circulatory and respiratory systems.
Circulatory- heart, blood and blood vessels.
Respiratory- lungs and airways (specifically- pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli)
200
What is the source of fuel for the lactic acid system? How long does this system last?
Main source of fuel- glycogen.
Duration- 30 secs to 2-3 minutes (depending on intensity).
200
What types of drinks should be avoided after an event?
Alcohol, caffeine and carbonated drinks.
200
What are the six different leadership styles?
Coercive, Authoritative, Affilliative, Democratic, Pacesetting and Coaching.
What is blood pressure? How is it measured and what is the normal blood pressure reading?
Blood pressure measures the pressure of blood within the arteries. It is measured using a Sphygmomanometer. Normal blood pressure is 120 on 80.
300
What does ATP stand for? How is this used as a source of energy?
ATP- Adenosine Triphosphate. ATP splits into ADP which creates energy. Creatine phosphate is broken down to form creatine and phosphate. It can then combine with ADP to produce ATP and movement can occur again.
300
Fluid requirements can vary between athletes. What factors may influence this.
Genetics, body size, fitness, environment and exercise intensity.
300
What are the three types of risk takers. Outline each.
- Risk Avoiders- avoid the activity due to the perceived risks. - Risk Takers- participate in the activity because of the perceived risks.
- Risk reducers- these people participate in an activity, but try to reduce the risks.
300
What is RICER? What is it used to treat? Outline each stage.
Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation and Referral. Ricer is used to treat soft tissue injuries.
Heart rate- the number of times a heart beats per minute.
Stroke volume- the amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle in a contraction.
Cardiac output- the total amount of blood ejected from the heart within a minute (calculated by multiplying heart rate by stroke volume).
400
List two sports that mainly use each of the energy systems.
ATP/PC- 100m sprint, long jump.
Lactic Acid System- 100m swimming, 400m running.
Aerobic System- 1500m swimming, cycling.
400
What are guidelines for fluid replacement during an event?
During an event a participant should consume 150-200ml every 15-20 minutes. However, this depends on the work intensity and temperature.
400
Outline the stages of risk assessment.
- Identify risks- related to the environment, people participated in the activity and equipment. - Severity- the degree of harm the risk will cause. - Likelihood- the probability to harm will occur (very likely, likely, medium- might occur, unlikely, very unlikely). - Risk Management Plan= Establish a plan that outlines the above and strategies to minimise harm and an emergency/ action plan. - Evaluate- regularly evaluate the process.
400
Outline each stage of DRS ABCD.
Danger- to casualty, yourself and bystanders. Look for any hazards. Response – ask questions and squeeze their shoulders- Example of questions: Can you hear me? Open your eyes. What is your name? Squeeze my hand. If there is a response- make comfortable, check for injuries monitor response. If not, continue DRS ABCD. Send for help- call 000 or have a bystander call 000. Airways- Open mouth0 and check for blockages. If foreign material is present- place in recovery position and clear airway with fingers by tilting head and chin lift. Breathing- look for the chest rising, listen to hear breathing and feel by placing your cheek close. If normal breathing- place in recovery position, monitor bleeding and shock. If not- continue DRS ABCD. Compressions- use 30 compressions and two breathes in between. For an adult- full head tilt and compressions should be 1/3 of chest depth. Defibrillator- apply a defibrillator as soon as it is available- follow the voice prompts.
500
Outline the sequence of the journey of the blood through the heart and to the body.
Right Atrium, Triscuspid Valve, Right Ventricle, Pulmonary Valve, Pulmonary Artery, Lungs, Left Atrium, Left Ventricle, Aortic Valve and Aorta
500
What are the waste products and recovery time for each system.
ATP/PC- no waste products. Recovery- 30 secs- 2 mins.
Lactic Acid- Lactic Acid. Recovery- 20 mins- 2 hours (depending on duration and intensity).
Aerobic- Carbon Dioxide and water. Sufficient time to replace diminished fuel (can take up to 24 hours).
500
What is dehydration and over-hydration?
Dehydration- is when too little fluid is consumed. This can lead to fatigue, impaired muscle endurance and impaired mental functioning.
Over-hydration- is when too much fluid is consumed. This can lead to dangerously low levels of sodium in the blood.
500
What are the three areas to consider to manage risk?
For each- outline the different considerations within the category.
Environmental- playing surfaces and weather.
Behavioural- skill level, previous experience, fitness level and personality.
Organisation- rules modifications, protective equipment and technology.
500
How would you use TOTAPS to assess the return to play of a football player with a swollen ankle.
Talk, Observe, Touch, Active Movement, Passive Movement and Skills Test.