Past Simple & Past Perfect
Kristine __________ to an opera before last night. (never/ be )
Kristine had never been to an opera before last night.
He________ to Chicago in 2003.
has gone
went
had gone
He went to Chicago in 2003.
I __________ a great film yesterday. (watch)
I watched a great film yesterday.
_______________ is used for past actions that are related to or continue into the present
Present Perfect
I ___________ at home during lunchtime. yesterday/ eat
I ate at home during lunchtime yesterday.
He was in Japan last month. He _________ Japan before.
has never visited
never visited
had never visited
He was in Japan last month. He had never visited Japan before.
Sue ___________ the flu last winter. (have)
Sue had the flu last winter.
____________ is used to talk about things that happened or existed in the past
Past Simple
I ________________ before ten o'clock (already/fall asleep)
I had already fallen asleep before ten o'clock.
She ___________ in this company since 2005.
is working
has worked
was working
had worked
She has worked in this company since 2005.
_________ in India? (she ever be)
I __________ him last Monday. (meet)
Has she ever been in India? (she ever be)
I met him last Monday. (meet)
____________ used to talk about actions that were completed before some point in the past.
Past Perfect
You ____________ German before you moved to Germany. study
You had studied German before you moved to Germany.
How long _________ here?
are you
have you been
were you
had you been
How long have you been here?
________your bed today? make
Where ___________you last summer? go
Have you made your bed today?
Where did you go last summer?
______________is used for sequence of events.
Past Simple
They __________ (drink) a cup of tea after they ___________ (finish) lunch.
They drank a cup of tea after they had finished lunch.
Up to now, I__________ any opportunity to check this information.
don't have
haven't had
hadn't had
Up to now, I haven't had any opportunity to check this information.
Things__________ (change) a great deal at Coltech, Inc. When we first _________ (start) working here three years ago, the company _________ (have, only) six employees. Since then, we _________ (expand) to include more than 2000 full-time workers.
Things have changed a great deal at Coltech, Inc. When we first started working here three years ago, the company only had six employees. Since then, we have expanded to include more than 2000 full-time workers.
A series of the same action completed multiple times in the past, likely to happen again in the future
Present Perfect