Archaeology
In 1822, this second-century stele containing three ancient languages was used to decipher Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics.
Rosetta Stone
This animal was often used during academic dissections and anatomies in the Middle Ages.
Pigs
This ancient device was improved upon in the 9th and 10th centuries by Muslim astronomers who used it to navigate and locate the direction of Mecca.
The astrolabe
Madam C.J. Walker, one of the first self-made Black millionaires, built her fortune on this product she developed herself.
Hair grower/product
The oldest existing collection of Chinese poetry, this work is traditionally said to have been compiled by Confucius and is the source of many idioms used in China even today.
Shijing/Classic of Poetry/The Book of Songs
This country holds the title for the most pyramids, boasting over 200 within its borders between the cities of Al Kurru, Nuri, Gebel Barkal and Meroë.
Sudan
Some scholars have theorized that the Salem witch panic could have been caused by this.
Ergot fungus on rye
In August 1609, he demonstrated his newly constructed telescope to the Senate of Venice, who then doubled his salary.
Galileo
The ruler of this empire was supposedly the richest man in history.
Mali Empire (Mansa Musa)
In 1847, this English author published one of the most enduringly popular romance novels of all time under the pseudonym Currer Bell.
Charlotte Brontë (penned Jane Eyre)
The Temple of Artemis was located in this city.
Ephesus
First isolated in 1820 in Peru, this substance found in the bark of the cinchona tree was the primary treatment for malaria for over a century.
Quinine
The first use of zero as a number in calculations is credited to a 7th century mathematician from what is now this nation.
The mathematician being Brahmagupta, from India
At his death in 1715, he’d served 72 years as the French king, longer than any other European monarch.
Louis XIV
This character, first mayor of the titular society in Isaac Asimov's "Foundation," guides the infant colony through its first crises.
Salvor Hardin
This tunnel was built during the time of King David, and was used to combat against the Assyrians in the 8th century BCE.
Siloam Tunnel/Hezekiah’s tunnel/Nikbat HaShiloach
This 20th century virologist developed one of the first polio vaccines that began use in the 1950s.
Jonas Salk
Fingerprinting was invented in this country in 1892.
Argentina
This was the only female sovereign in the history of China widely regarded as legitimate.
Wu Zetian (Zhao)
Though humorous, “your mother was a hamster and your father smelled of elderberries” was not said to King Aruthur in this book of stories containing the first known mention of him.
The Mabinogion
These 6th century statues were built by travelers in a valley in Afghanistan.
Buddhas of Bamiyan/Bamyan
This Persian physician is considered the father of modern medicine.
Ibn Sina/Avicenna
This Neoplatonist mathematician and philosopher known as “a martyr for philosophy”, may be seen in Raphael’s School of Athens painting.
Hypatia
This late 12th century monarch’s marriage was annulled after fifteen years with no male heirs, though when she remarried, she birthed five sons, two of which would be English Kings.
Eleanor of Aquitaine
This sixteenth century Spanish writer/poet is credited with writing the first modern novel with his satirical chivalric tale published in two volumes.
Miguel de Cervantes