More Meds
More Meds
More Meds
GI
Liver Lab Values
100
What does SERMs do?
Estrogen receptor modifiers
they bind to the receptor and allow more calcium to be absorbed
100
What is methotrexate used to treat?
Immune response decreaser
Used to treat RA
100
What do bisphosphonates do?
They target an area of the body that has a higher bone turnover rate.
It decreases the reabsorption rate by slowing down osteoclasts.
100
A high level of what causes jaundice?
Bilirubin levels
100
Normal amylase levels and what can a high level indicate?
30-100
high levels= pancreatitis
200
Why would we want to modify an estrogen receptor rather than just dose a patient with more estrogen?
Estrogen can be a feeding source for certain types of breast cancers. So SERMs make the estrogen that is already in the body to work more efficiently without having the risk of more estrogen in the body
200
Why is methotrexate a risky drug?
can cause liver damage, bone marrow suppression, increased risk of infection, GI ulceration and pulmonary fibrosis
200
What dependent position of a patient might make them a band candidate to take bisphosphonates?
This drug can cause esophagus problems so preferably it should be given to someone who can sit or stand so that it is not sitting in the esophageal tract.
200
What is this condition known as?
Caput medusae
dilated superficial veins that become visible around the umbilicus
When there is a hepatic portal vein blockage and blood is pushed back in and is looking for a place to go.
It goes to veins because they are more flexible than arteries. Arteries do not want to stretch (they must not like yoga)
200
Lipase normal levels
What can a high level indicate?
<200
elevated= pancreatitis
300
What are the risks of giving SERMs?
-blood clots
PE
DVT
increases hot flashes
300
Methotrexate is known as a DMARD, what does that stand for?
disease modifying anti-rheumatic drug
300
When should bisphosphonates be taken ?
On an empty stomach with water 30 minutes before meals
300
What chemical causes hepatic encephalopathy
Ammonia
300
What are normal bilirubin levels and what are elevated levels indicative of?
0.2-1.2
elevated= liver dysfunction
-yellowing of skin and eyes
-lighter bowel movements
400
What are the two SERMs that can be given that decrease the risk of uterine cancer?
tamoxifen and raloxifene
400
What other DMARD is frequently taken with methotrexate to have a synergist effect ?
(like the use of the term synergist from the last test?)
Enbrel
400
What are some side effects of bisphosphonates?
esophagitis, nausea and vomiting (what else is new) , abdominal painm muscle pain, joint pain, eye pain, vision changes
400
What are the treatments for portal hypertension?
Medication
Shunting
Liver Transplant
400
Normal albumin levels and what are elevated levels indicative of?
3.5-5.5
elevated= dehydration
Can also be a sign of cirrhosis in patients with hep C
500
What should SERMs be taken with?
calcium, vitamin D
(think about what a person who is needing a SERM is probably lacking or more in need of in this stage of their life.... older woman lacking calcium and vitamin d... bone issues calcium/vitamin D)
500
What category drug is methotrexate and what does that mean?
It is a category X drug.
This means that Studies in animals or humans have demonstrated fetal abnormalities and/or there is positive evidence of human fetal risk based on adverse reaction data from investigational or marketing experience, and the risks involved in use of the drug in pregnant women clearly outweigh potential benefits.
500
What disease are bisphosphonates primarily prescribed for?
osteoporosis
500
Explain portal hypertension...
Portal hypertension means that there is high tension with blood flow in the liver.
Thie pressure makes water want to leave the liver which causes ascites in the abdominal cavity.
500
Normal prealbumin levels and what do decreased levels means?
15-36
decreased= malnutrition
can also be a sign of liver disease, inflammation or tissue necrosis