Respiratory System Basics
This system transports oxygen from the air into the blood and removes carbon dioxide from the blood.
What is the respiratory system?
Amount of air entering the lungs with each normal breath.
What is tidal volume?
The primary control centers for breathing are located in these two brainstem areas.
What are the medulla and pons?
Yellowish-green, cloudy, thick mucus often indicates this type of infection.
What is bacterial?
A subjective feeling of discomfort when a person feels unable to inhale enough air.
What is dyspnea?
A common viral upper respiratory infection with nasal congestion, sore throat, and possible cough.
What is the common cold?
Carbon dioxide is a waste product of this process and influences acid-base balance in body fluids
What is cell metabolism?
Amount of air remaining in the lungs after forced expiration.
What is residual volume?
Central chemoreceptors in the medulla respond quickly to slight elevations in this blood gas.
What is PaCO2?
Rusty or dark-colored sputum is a classic sign of this type of pneumonia.
What is pneumococcal pneumonia?
Bluish coloring of skin and mucous membranes due to large amounts of unoxygenated hemoglobin.
What is cyanosis?
A viral infection that may affect upper and lower tracts, with sudden onset, fever, fatigue, and body aches.
What is influenza?
The upper respiratory tract consists of passageways that do this between the atmosphere and lungs.
What is conduct air?
Maximal amount of air that can be inhaled in excess of normal quiet inspiration.
What is inspiratory reserve?
Peripheral chemoreceptors, located here, are sensitive to decreased oxygen levels and low pH.
What are the carotid bodies?
Large amounts of purulent sputum with a foul odor are associated with this condition.
What is bronchiectasis?
Dyspnea that occurs when lying down, common in left-sided heart failure.
What is orthopnea?
A bacterial infection causing swelling of the larynx, supraglottic area, and epiglottis in young children.
What is epiglottitis?
The lower respiratory tract includes the trachea, bronchial tree, and this, where gas exchange occurs.
What are the lungs?
Maximal volume of air expired following a passive expiration.
What is expiratory reserve?
Increased carbon dioxide levels in the blood are called this.
What is hypercapnia?
Thick, tenacious (sticky) mucus is common in patients with asthma or this inherited disorder.
What is cystic fibrosis?
Sudden acute dyspnea at night, waking the patient gasping and coughing due to pulmonary edema.
What is paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea?
A chronic inherited disorder with abnormally thick secretions obstructing lungs and pancreas.
What is cystic fibrosis?
The inside surfaces of the alveoli are coated with a fluid containing this substance.
What is surfactant?
Total volume of air in the lungs after maximal inspiration.
What is total lung capacity?
Low PaCO2 caused by hyperventilation results in this acid-base imbalance.
What is respiratory alkalosis?
Bright red, frothy, blood-tinged sputum is usually associated with this condition.
What is pulmonary edema?
Painless, firm, fibrotic enlargement at the end of digits from chronic hypoxia.
What is clubbing (of fingers/toes)?
A progressive group of disorders with tissue degeneration and airway obstruction, often from smoking.
What is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?