Chp 21& 48
What is the recommended daily Ca2+ RDA for adults?
8.6-10.2 mg/dL
800-1200 mg/day
how should bisphosphonate be taken?
on an empty stomach with plain water
Suffix "-prazole"; what type of medication?
proton pump inhibitor
ex. Omeprazole
-Bulk-type laxative: increase stool size
-derived from natural fibers & is insoluble fiber
-encourage to drink at least 2 glasses of H2O(8 oz)
- don't take it dry bc it'll cause obstruction
Psyllium (Metamucil)
What are the difference between H2O-Soluable Vitamins and Fat/Lipid Soluble?
H2O-Soluable Vitamins: Vc and VB complex
-dissolve in water and excreted in urine
-seen more in deficiency
-Drink lots of water
Fat/Lipid Soluble Vitamins: VA VD VE VK
-can be stored in the liver & adipose tissue for later use
-dissolve easily in lipids
-can be both deficiency and over dose
What is the main purpose of adalimumab?
treat rheumatoid arthritis
Which medication is used to treat acute gout attacks?
Allopurinol
The 3 types of treatments for PUD. What are are mechanisms of each?
1. Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI):prevent the release of HKatpase receptor that triggers the release of HCl in exchange for K. This is will decrease the function of enzyme and reduce the release of H+ & Cl by combing with H20 to create less HCl.
2. H2 blockers: acts by blocking H2 receptors in the stomach to decrease acid production
3. Antacid: neutralize stomach acid by increasing pH of stomach content
-its an antidiarrheal & opioid
-slows peristalsis, allowing time for additional H2O reabsorption from colon and more solid stools
-at increased dose, causes anticholinergic effect of atropine (drowsiness, dry mouth, and tachycardia)
Diphenoxylate with Atropine (Lomotil)
The difference between eternal nutrition and parenteral nutrition (TPN)
eternal nutrition: provide orally/through feeding tube
parenteral nutrition (TPN): through central line/ PICC (but not rec bc cam cause skin damage)
BOTH supply and meets meets the patient nutritional needs
What is the black box warning for dantrolene sodium related to?
hepatitis and liver failure
Which condition is NOT treated with calcium supplementation?
A. Osteoporosis
B. Paget disease
C. Gout
D. Rickets
Gout
-neutralize stomach acid by unceasing pH of stomach contents short term
-doesn't impact acid secretion like PPI & H2 blocker
-combo with Aluminum compound with Mg to increase effectiveness and decrease constipation
Aluminum Hydroxide (Alterna GEL)
-5aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA)
-for mild IBD
-oral drug for anti0inflammatory properties
-can't give it to ppl with sulfa allergies
-important to monitor CBC bc med can alter WBC, RBC, platelets
-may impair male fertility
Sulfasalazine (Azulfidine)
-essential for general growth and development, particularly bones, teeth, epithelial membrane
-also essential for vision and used in skin care
-avoid during pregnancy
VA (Aquasol A)
What is the mechanism of action of dantrolene sodium?
interferes with release of calcium ions in skeletal muscles
what is a common adverse effect of cyclobenzaprine?
drowsiness
-1st PPI to approved for PUD. Both prescription & OTC-
-binds to the HK-ATPase enzyme to reduce HCl
-take 30 mins/1hrbefore first meal
Omeprazole (Prilosec)
1st line of med and well tolerated by patients
-blocks serotonin receptors in GI tract and cura receptor zone (CTZ)
-avoid cardiac conditions bc can cause dysrhythmias up to VFib
Ondansetron
-H2O soluble VB9
-used to prevent/reverse deficiency
-given to chemo/FTT patients and chronic alcohol dependence, those with malabsorption disorders
-during pregnancy increase to promote normal fetal growth and prevent neural tube defect in fetus
Folic Acid (Folacin)
what is the mechanism of action of allopurinol?
Xanthine oxidase inhibitor
What is the primary action of neuromuscular blocking agent?
bind to nicotinic receptors on skeletal muscle fibers
-blocks H2 receptors in the stomach to decrease acid production
-approved to treat active PUD, gastric ulcers, GERD, erosive esophagitis, and hyper secretory disorders
-short term ~4-8 wks
-an IV form is available for treatment of acute stress-induced bleeding ulcers
Famotidine (Pepcid AC)
-contains lipase, protease, and amylase of pork origin; used to replace these enzymes for patients with insufficient pancreatic exocrine secretions including those with pancreatitis and cystic fibrosis
Pancrelipase (Creon, Prancreaze)
-electrolyte
-CNS depressant has led to its occasional use an anticonvulsant
-used for off-label to delay premature labor
-
Magnesium Sulfate (MgSO4)