Blood Basics &Hematology
This blood cell is produced in bone marrow and lacks organelles, preventing it from reproducing.
What is an erythrocyte (red blood cell)?
These granulocytes increase most commonly during bacterial infections.
What are neutrophils?
This immunoglobulin is the most abundant in circulation and dominates secondary immune responses.
What is IgG?
Bonus if someone said "G for George"
This process refers to stopping bleeding following vascular injury.
What is hemostasis?
This condition is defined as increased bilirubin levels and is especially dangerous in newborns.
What is hyperbilirubinemia?
This percentage of total blood volume occupied by red blood cells is known as this lab value.
What is hematocrit?
These agranulocytes are primarily responsible for viral immune responses.
What are lymphocytes?
This immunoglobulin is associated with parasitic infections and allergic reactions.
What is IgE?
This clotting factor is also known as fibrinogen.
What is factor I?
This anemia is microcytic and hypochromic and is most commonly due to iron deficiency.
What is iron-deficiency anemia?
An increase in this immature neutrophil population indicates a “left shift” and suggests bacterial infection.
What are band cells?
These cells act as “bouncers,” performing phagocytosis and later differentiating into macrophages.
What are monocytes?
This process generates antibody diversity through base-pair mutations after antigen exposure.
What is somatic hypermutation?
This vitamin is required for synthesis of clotting factors II, VII, IX, and X.
What is vitamin K?
This chromosomal translocation (9;22) produces a constitutively active tyrosine kinase.
What is the Philadelphia chromosome?
This enzyme is inhibited by lead poisoning, preventing incorporation of iron into heme.
What is ferrochelatase?
These innate immune cells kill virus-infected and tumor cells using perforin and granzymes without antigen specificity.
What are natural killer (NK) cells?
This antibody region determines biological function and binds complement or immune cells.
What is the Fc region?
This lab test is used to monitor intrinsic pathway function and heparin therapy.
What is aPTT (PTT)?
This plasma cell malignancy presents with CRAB findings and Bence Jones proteins.
What is multiple myeloma?
Dehydration may falsely elevate this lab value, potentially mimicking polycythemia.
What is hematocrit?
This cytokine, produced by virus-infected cells, inhibits viral replication and activates NK cells.
What is interferon?
These CD8+ T cells recognize antigen presented on MHC Class I molecules and induce apoptosis.
What are cytotoxic T cells?
This enzyme converts plasminogen to plasmin during fibrinolysis.
What is tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)?
This life-threatening condition involves widespread clotting and bleeding due to consumption of clotting factors.
What is disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)?