Electrolytes
This hormone released by adrenal gland, increases sodium and water reabsorption while causing potassium secretion into the urine
What is Aldosterone
These muscular-walled blood vessels move blood away from the heart under high pressure
What are Arteries
While arteries are high pressure vessels, these vessels are known for their large capacity and susceptibility to blood vessels
What are veins
This is one of the most common causes of fluid volume overload, often activating the RAAS system due to low kidney perfusion
What is Heart Failure
This term describes insufficient oxygen supply to meet the requirements of the myocardium
What is Ischemia
This electrolyte imbalance is often caused by RAAS system pulling fluid out of cells and excreting this specific mineral into the urine
What is hypokalemia (low potassium(
These thin-walled, flexible vessels rely on skeletal muscle pumps and valves to return blood to the heart
What are veins
This condition involves plaque buildup specifically on the arterial wall, unlike general hardening
What is Atherosclerosis
This type of heart failure is characterized by the ventricles inability to completely empty, leading to systemic congestion
What is Right-Sided heart failure
This term refers to necrosis or cell death resulting from prolonged decreased perfusion
What is Infarction
These are "counted" by osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus to determine the body's hydration status
What are Solutes/Particles (Osmolality)
This term describes the rough blood flow perpendicular to the vessel wall, often caused by endothelial injury
What is turbulent flow
Endothelial injury in arteries attracts these cells, which then initiate inflammation and lead to plaque formation
What are White blood Cells
Jugular Venous Distention (JVD) and dependent edema are clinical manifestations of this side of heart failure
What is right sided heart failure
This "umbrella term" covers both chronic stable angina and Acute Coronary Syndrome
What is coronary artery disease
This large protein is the primary controller of oncotic pressure, helping to keep fluid circulating in the bloodstream
What is Albumin
This specific "whooshing" sound is heard when blood flow becomes sluggish, stagnant or turbulent
What are bruits
These are the two types of venous systems found in the body
What are superficial and deep
This laboratory study is a key diagnostic tool for heart failure (a natriuretic peptide)
What is BNP (B-type Natriuretic Peptide)
This is considered the primary risk factor for developing coronary artery disease
What is Atherosclerosis
This specific measure tells us if the electrolytes are circulating properly and is found in basic metabolic levels and ABG's
What is Osmolarity
What is Arteriosclerosis
Stagnant or turbulent blood flow in either system increases the risk for this dangerous formation
What is a Thrombus (clot)
These three factors- Pre-load, After-load, and contractility-combine to determine this cardiac value
What is stroke volume
Central obesity, smoking, and insulin resistance are all categorized as these for CAD
What are risk factors