Endocrine
what is a thyroid storm and the sxs
acute episode of thyroid hyperactivity precipitated by stress or hyperthyroidism, fever, dehydration, tachycardia, delirium
what is hyperthyroidism and its affect
Pathogenesis of Type 1 DM
no release of insulin to drive glucose to cells glucose builds up in the bloodstream
What must PT's be careful of during treatment
Cryotherapy, observing reaction with patients skin
what are 4 types of burns (not stages)
what is hyperpituitarism and the two versions
excess growth hormone from anterior pituitary, Gigantism: overgrowth of long bones, occurs in children before epiphyses close
Acromegaly: increased bone thickness, hypertrophy of soft tissue
what is hypothyroidism
basal metabolism is slowed, decrease cardiac function, GI function and RBC's
treatment for type 2 diabetes
exercise proven to improve symptoms, dietary management, oral hypoglycemics, manage complications, insulin only if needed
initial _______protects body parts, then _______form in tissues and cell membranes rupture
vasoconstriction, ice crystals form
what ages are most at risk for burns
<3 and >70
what is hypopituitarism and what is the PT implications
insufficient growth hormone from anterior pituitary, also called dwarfism, PT: mobility issues
what 2 main hormones does the thyroid produce and what is their purpose
thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), regulate metabolism and increase protein synthesis
name a few differences of type 1 and type 2 DM
type 1: usually occurs under 20 yrs old, autoimmune dysfunction, controlled with insulin and diet, abrupt absolute deficiency of insulin production, ketoacidosis
type 2: usually occurs over 40 yrs old, gradual resistance to insulin and deficiency in production, obesity related, controlled mostly with wt and diet management
what should you NOT do when warming a localized cold injury
NO RUBBING/MASSAGING - may cause further tissue damage
briefly describe the depth of injury associated with 1st, 2nd, 3rd degree burn and pain association with each
1st: epidermis, superficial burn, painful, eased by cooling
2nd: epidermis and dermis, partial thickness, painful sensitive to cold air
3rd: down to subcutaneous tissue, full thickness burn, little to no pain, nerve endings damaged
clinical manifestations of hyperthyroidism
Thyrotoxicosis: increased TH, Goiter, wt loss, palpitations, exopthalmus (eyes protrude)
what is Graves disease, and what percentage of hyperthyroidism cases are affected by it
increased T4 production, affects more women, increased metabolism, sympathetic action, lipid deletion, 85% of hyperthyroidism cases
symptoms of hyperglycemia
<50 mg/dL or rapid drop, dizzy, shakey, slurred speech, rapid shallow breaths, hunger, nausea, pale moist skin
superficial vs deep frosbite
Superficial: affects skin and sub cutaneous tissue initially unoticed, upon warming: burnng, tingling numbness, molting
Deep: extends beyond subcutaneous tissue, skin becomes white then red/purple when warmed, blisters, pain, necrosis, gangrene
burns greater than what percent elicit a systemic response
greater than 25%
what is Cushing's syndrome
excess glucocorticoid, excess aldosterone, tumor of adrenal gland, excess ACTH from pituitary
what is addison's disease and its prognosis
Adrenal insufficiency, decreased production of cortisol and aldosterone, fatal if untreated
exercise induced hypoglycemia can last....
6 to 14 hours after strenuous exercise
what is the treatment for gangrene
amputation
what is the scale and rule to measure burns for adults and children
TBSA (total body surface area), rule of 9's, for children: Lund Browder Method - they have smaller bodies therefore this method is mire accurate