Show:
Skin disorder characteristics
Skin disorders
Other disorders
Types of Fractures
Complications of fractures
100

What does scabies look like?

  • Look for burrow markings if deciding if patient has scabies
  • Have big dots and squiggly lines
  • Shows up first on hands and wrists
100

Compare primary and secondary skin infections

šPrimary:

šOften caused by resident flora

šSecondary:

šDeveloping in wounds or pruritic lesions

100

Name risk factors for pressure ulcers

  • Risk factors
  • Immobility
  • Incontinence – moisture on the area causes build-up of bacteria that is eating away at the skin
  • Fracture large bones (femur)
  • Diabetic
  • Surgery and been on bed rest for long period of time
  • Nervous system (spinal cord/strokes  paralysis)
100

What is a greenstick fracture? 

  • partial break in the bone, most common in children
100

What is compartment syndrome and why is it an emergency?

•Edema within one area of compartment of the limb that is between layers of dense connective tissue (fascia)

•Dead tissue may become gangrenous, requiring amputation.

200

What do psoriasis lesions look like? 

Red patches of skin covered with silvery scales

200

What causes cellulitis? 

šUsually secondary to an injury

šCausative organism

šUsually Staphylococcus aureus

šSometimes Streptococcus

200

What are some risk factors of osteoporosis?

  • More common in women
  • Sedentary lifestyle
  • Excess corticosteroids or PTH
  • Decreased estrogen at menopause
  • Age > 50 years old
  • Smoking
  • Low weight
  • Decreased testosterone in men
  • White or Asian
  • Vitamin D and calcium deficit
  • Excessive caffeine
200

What is a comminuted fracture? 

  • multiple fractures and bone fragments
200

What are the factors affecting bone healing? (5)

- Amount of local damage

- proximity of bone ends

- presence of foreign material or infection 

- blood supply to fracture site

- age, nutrition, anemia

300

What does scleroderma look like?

Hard, shiny, tight, immovable areas of skin

Fingertips narrowed and shortened

facial expression lost

300

What population is affected by impetigo? 

children, especially those 2-5

300

What occurs with Rheumatoid Arthritis? 

  • Autoimmune disorder
  • Causes chronic systemic inflammatory disease

  • Symptoms
  • Joints red and swollen
  • Sensitive/painful to touch
  • Stiffness (morning, about an hour-several hours)
  • Impaired joint movement
  • Malocclusion of the teeth may develop from TMJ
  • Inflammation
  • Fever
  • Anorexia
  • Fatigue
  • Malaise
  • Iron deficiency anemia
  • Weight loss
  • Generalized stiffness/aching
  • Hand deformities
300

What is an impacted fracture?

- one end forced into adjacent bone

300

What is a sprain?

A tear in a ligament (ankle)

400

What does eczema look like?

Rash is erythematous, with serous exudate

In adults, rash is dry, scaly, and pruritic, often on flexor surfaces

Lichenification: thickening, moss like appearance that can happen – the skin gets so irritated over time its like a scarring

400

What is a potential complication of herpes simplex?

Spread of virus to eye (can be very serious and cause blindness)

400

What occurs with osteoarthritis?

  • Degenerative wear and tear
  • May result from increased weight-bearing or weight-lifting
  • Articular cartilage is damaged
  • Surface of cartilage becomes rough and worn
  • Tissue damage causes release of enzymes, accelerating disintegration of cartilage
  • Subchondral bone may be exposed
400

Cause of pathologic fracture

  • results from weakness or other underlying disease (osteoporosis)
400

What is a strain?

a tear in a tendon (lower back) 

500

What is a macule?

Small, flat, circumscribed lesion of a different color than the normal skin

500

Differentiate shingles and chicken pox

Chicken Pox—VERY contagious disease after initial exposure to VZV

- symptoms: eruption of vesicular rash to face, trunk or scalp. Later spreads to extremities.

- Lesions are seen in various stages

Shingles—develops as result of dormant VZV in body, usually when immune system is compromised

- Symptoms:  Initially pain and paresthesia affecting single nerve root (dermatome) followed by vesicular eruptions along the same dermatome

500

What is gouty arthritis?

  • Results from deposits of uric acid and crystals in the joint, causing inflammation
  • Formation of tophus (large, hard nodule of urate crystals)
  • Tophi cause local inflammation and occur after first attack of gout
  • Uric acid and crystals form because of inadequate renal excretion, chemotherapy, metabolic abnormality, and/or genetic factors
  • Inflammation causes redness, swelling, pain
500

What is an oblique fracture?

  • break at an angle to the diaphysis of the bone
500

How to treat joint injuries? 

RICE 

- rest 

- ice 

- compression 

- elevation

NSAIDS 

massage