Patho Basics
The general term for the cause of a disease.
What is etiology?
The electrolyte most associated with extracellular fluid balance.
What is sodium?
Pain that is sharp, sudden, and usually short-lived.
What is acute pain?
These cells are responsible for producing antibodies.
What are B lymphocytes (plasma cells)?
This area of the brain controls breathing and heart rate.
What is the medulla oblongata?
A type of cell adaptation that results in increased size, not number.
What is hypertrophy?
Loss of fluid without adequate replacement leads to this condition.
What is dehydration?
These chemical mediators increase vascular permeability during inflammation.
What are histamines and prostaglandins?
This part of the immune system responds faster after the first exposure.
What are memory cells?
This neurologic condition involves episodes of uncontrolled electrical activity.
What is a seizure?
A temporary improvement in disease symptoms.
What is remission?
This acid-base imbalance is reflected by a low pH and low bicarbonate.
What is metabolic acidosis?
This theory explains how non-painful stimuli can block pain signals.
What is the gate-control theory?
This type of immunity is passed from mother to child.
What is passive natural immunity?
This degenerative disease involves demyelination in the CNS.
What is multiple sclerosis?
This prediction helps guide treatment and estimate outcomes.
What is a prognosis?
An elevated hematocrit often reflects this volume issue.
What is fluid deficit or dehydration?
These pain receptors respond to thermal, chemical, or mechanical damage.
What are nociceptors?
These immune cells destroy virus-infected or cancerous cells.
What are cytotoxic T cells (CD8+)?
This chronic disorder causes progressive, uncontrolled body movements and cognitive decline.
What is Huntington’s disease?
The body's ability to maintain internal stability despite external changes.
What is homeostasis?
This hormone promotes water reabsorption in the kidneys.
What is antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?
This phase of inflammation is characterized by redness, heat, swelling, and pain.
What is the vascular response phase?
This term describes swollen and inflamed lymph nodes.
What is lymphadenopathy?
This visual disorder in aging results in loss of central vision.
What is macular degeneration?
This process describes programmed, orderly cell death without inflammation.
What is apoptosis?
This is a key lab indicator of renal insufficiency or failure.
What is serum creatinine?
This immune process helps remove dead cells and initiate repair.
What is phagocytosis?
This immune dysfunction causes the body to attack its own tissues.
What is autoimmunity?
This balance disorder is caused by excess endolymph in the inner ear.
What is Ménière’s disease?
The term for a sequence of events leading to disease development.
What is pathogenesis?
This buffering system involves the lungs and kidneys working together.
What is the acid-base compensation system?
This type of pain is difficult to localize and often persists for months.
What is chronic pain?
This life-threatening allergic reaction causes systemic vasodilation.
What is anaphylaxis?
This hearing symptom may be an early sign of ototoxicity.
What is tinnitus?
The term for the identification of a specific disease through evaluation.
What is a diagnosis?
This term describes swelling caused by fluid leakage into interstitial spaces.
What is edema?
Increased capillary permeability, vasodilation, and cell migration describe this physiologic response.
What is the inflammatory response?
This condition results from severe immunosuppression and increases infection risk.
What is acquired immunodeficiency (e.g., AIDS)?
This type of cerebrovascular accident (CVA) has the worst prognosis due to bleeding.
What is a hemorrhagic stroke?