Acid-Base Imbalance
What does ROME stand for?
Respiratory Opposite, Metabolic Equal
What are the 3 P's of Type 1 Diabetes?
Polyuria, Polydipsia, Polyphagia
What are the systolic and diastolic measurements for hypertension?
Systolic greater than 140 mmHg and diastolic greater than 90 mmHg
What condition is characterized by pyrosis, belching, and the need for antacid use?
GERD
What is the difference between hypoxia and hypoxemia?
Hypoxia - low O2 in the tissues
Hypoxemia - low O2 in the blood
What condition is this patient experiencing based on the following lab results:
pH: 7.30 (7.35 - 7.45)
HCO3: 20 mmHg (22 - 26 mmHg)
paCO2: 37 mmHg (35 - 45 mmHg)
paO2: 90 mmHg (80 - 100 mmHg)
Metabolic Acidosis
What condition is characterized by the hypersecretion of cortisol?
Cushing's Syndrome
What is an aneurysm?
Weakening of the arterial wall resulting in bulging and swelling, more susceptible to hemorrhage
What are the 2 types of IBS?
Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis
What are the 3 main obstructive airway diseases?
COPD, Emphysema, Chronic Bronchitis
What condition is this patient experiencing based on the following lab results:
pH: 7.55 (7.35 - 7.45)
HCO3: 22 mmHg (22 - 26 mmHg)
paCO2: 30 mmHg (35 - 45 mmHg)
paO2: 90 mmHg (80 - 100 mmHg)
Respiratory Alkalosis
What condition is characterized by the hyposecretion of mineral and glucocorticoids?
Addison's Disease
Which is more severe STEMI or NSTEMI?
STEMI is more severe as it suggests a complete occlusion of a vessel
NSTEMI retains some blood flow, but it's reduced
What 2 microorganisms cause Infectious Colitis?
C. Diff and E. Coli
What is rhinosinusitis?
Inflammation of the sinuses and nasal cavity
What condition is this patient experiencing based on the following lab results:
pH: 7.32 (7.35 - 7.45)
HCO3: 26 mmHg (22 - 26 mmHg)
paCO2: 50 mmHg (35 - 45 mmHg)
paO2: 85 mmHg (80 - 100 mmHg)
Respiratory Acidosis
For hyper and hypothyroidism, what do the levels of T3, T4, and TSH look like?
Hyperthyroidism - Increase T3, T4: decrease TSH
Hypothyroidism - Decrease T3, T4: increase TSH
What is Thromboangitis Obliterans (Beurger's Disease)?
An inflammatory disorder characterized by thrombus formation and vasospasms, mostly in the hands and feet
What are the 2 main causes of gastritis?
Aspirin/NSAID use and infection
What is commonly heard upon auscultation of the lungs in a patient that has pleurisy?
Friction rub
What condition is this patient experiencing based on the following lab results:
pH: 7.49 (7.35 - 7.45)
HCO3: 28 mmHg (22 - 26 mmHg)
paCO2: 35 mmHg (35 - 45 mmHg)
paO2: 100 mmHg (80 - 100 mmHg)
Metabolic Alkalosis
What is Graves' Disease?
Hyperthyroidism autoimmune disorder
Enlarged thyroid and exophthalmos
What is the difference between stable, unstable, and prinzmetal angina? List them by rank from most severe to least severe.
Unstable angina - happens at rest and lasts longer than 20 mins, causes Mi if left untreated
Stable angina - intermittent chest pain caused by physical exertion
Prinzmetal angina - idiopathic, occurs at rest with minimal exertion
With Peptic Ulcer Disease, where do the ulcers most commonly form?
Duodenum
What is the difference between a pneumothorax, hemothorax, and tension pneumothorax?
Pneumothorax - air in pleural space (collapsed lung)
Hemothorax - blood in the pleural space (tx. chest tube)
Tension pneumothorax - life-threatening pneumothorax where air can enter the lungs and can't leave