Cardio
normal range for ejection fraction in a healthy adult?
What is 55-70%
This is the key difference between DKA and HHS?
DKA occurs with ketoacidosis; HHS has extreme hyperglycemia without acidosis
Answer: 5–15 mmHg
What is the normal ICP range in adults?
This is the primary cause of respiratory acidosis.
What is Hypoventilation leading to CO2 retention.
Catheter-associated urinary tract infections
What is the most common cause of hospital-acquired infections?
three types of angina
What is Stable, unstable, and Prinzmetal’s angina?
This hormone regulates blood calcium levels.
What is Parathyroid hormone
These are clinical signs of Cushing's triad in increased ICP. Name at least two
What are widneding pulse pressure or systolic Hypertension, bradycardia, irregular respirations (low).
This is the difference between obstructive and restrictive lung disease?
Obstructive impairs airflow; restrictive limits lung expansion
Respecting patients’ right to make their own decisions
What is concept of autonomy in nursing ethics.
This is the hallmark ECG finding in a myocardial infarction.
What is ST-elevation or pathological Q waves.
This is the primary treatment for myxedema coma.
What is IV levothyroxine and supportive care
Rapid herniation due to arterial bleeding
What is an epidural hematoma/bleed?
This is the classic triad of symptoms in pulmonary embolism. (List at least two)
What is Dyspnea, chest pain, hemoptysis
This is the gold standard test for diagnosing tuberculosis?
What is Sputum culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
This is how beta-blockers reduce myocardial oxygen demand.
What is decreasing heart rate and contractility.
These are the three diagnostic criteria for diabetes mellitus. Name at least two.
What are FPG ≥126 mg/dL, HbA1c ≥6.5%, random glucose ≥200 mg/dL with symptoms
This is what’s the difference between ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke.
Ischemic occurs from a clot; hemorrhagic is due to bleeding.
This determines the severity of ARDS
What is the PaO2/FiO2 ratio in ARDS?
A fast change in these labs (Increased BUN, creatinine, and decreased GFR) indicate this condition.
What is an acute kidney injury?
These are the major complications of untreated atrial fibrillation.
What is Stroke, heart failure, thromboembolism
This is how the RAAS system contributes to the pathophysiology of SIADH.
RAAS is suppressed, leading too much ADH/vasopressin leading to the kidneys holding onto water and sodium which causes excessive water retention- causes dilutions hyponatremia
This disease is from a Dopamine (neurotransmitter) deficiency.
What is Parkinson’s disease?
This lung sound(s) are characteristic of fluid in the alveoli?
What is Crackles/rales
Repositioning, moisture management, pressure-relief devices
What are nursing interventions to prevent pressure ulcers.