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Hormone Reg
Immunity
Acid-Base
Sensory Perception
Misc.
100

Which of the following tissues are glucose-independent?

  1. Pancreatic cells

  2. Kidney cells

  3. Endothelial cells

  4. Hepatic cells

  5. Schwann cells

  6. Retinal cells


2, 3, 5, 6

Kidney cells, endothelial cells, Schwann cells, and Retinal cells are insulin-independent

100

Infants receiving immunity via breastfeeding is considered what type of acquired immunity?

  1. Active artificial

  2. Active natural

  3. Passive artificial

  4. Passive natural

4. Passive Natural 

100

A patient arrives at the ED after an MVA and has multiple crush injuries. An electrolyte and blood gas panel is drawn. Which of the following lab values are consistent with the clinical picture? SATA. 

1. pH 7.50 (normal range 7.35-7.45)

2. Na+ 134 (normal range 135-145)

3. pH 7.30 (normal range 7.35-7.45)

4. K+ 5.7 (normal range 3.5-5.1)

3, 4

inflammation --> cell death --> hyperkalemia --> acidosis 


100

Which sensory disease is associated with degeneration of the optic nerve?

  1. cataracts 

  2. presbyopia 

  3. Glaucoma

  4. Retinitis pigmentosa


3. Glaucoma 

100

Which hypersensitivity is considered non tissue specific, and is characterized by immune complexes?

  1. Hypersensitivity 1

  2. Hypersensitivity 2

  3. Hypersensitivity 3

  4. Hypersensitivity 4

3. Hypersensitivity 3

200

What would the nurse expect the TSH and T3/T4 levels to be in someone with Hashimotos?

1. High TSH, High T3/T4

2. High TSH, Low T3/T4

3. Low TSH, Low T3/T4

4. Low TSH, High T3/T4

2. High TSH, Low thyroid hormones

Hashimotos is one of the main causes of hypothyroidism. 

Graves is hyperthyroidism --> there would be low TSH but high thyroid hormones 

200

When a naive B cell becomes activated, what two different cells could they become?

  1. phagocyte 

  2. Plasma cell

  3. macrophage 

  4. Memory cell

  5. autoantibody

2. Plasma Cell (creates antibodies)

4. Memory Cell (hangs out in blood in case of future infection)

200

When a patient is experiencing acidosis, what compensatory sign does the nurse expect to observe?

1. dyspnea

2. tachycardia

3. tachypnea 

4. eupnea 

3. tachypnea 

increased respirations help blow off more CO2, which is an acidic molecule. 

200

Babies who are hearing impaired at birth are more at risk for which complications? SATA.

  1. Autism

  2. Cognitively delayed

  3. Stunted growth

  4. Speech delayed

  5. Depression


2, 4

Cognitive and speech delay 


200

What education should a nurse prioritize when educating a patient on immunosuppressive medications? SATA.

  1. Wash hands frequently

  2. Take medication in the morning

  3. Avoid large crowds

  4. Monitor labs frequently

  5. Avoid strenuous activity


1, 3, 4

Wash hands

Avoid crowds

Monitor labs (specifically WBC, neutrophils, etc.)

300

A patient is newly diagnosed with type II diabetes, what disease characteristics should the nurse include in patient education? SATA. 

1. T2DM is due to the destruction of pancreatic beta cells 

2. treatment requires lifelong exogenous insulin administration

3. With T2DM, insulin receptors are desensitized 

4. If uncontrolled, can lead to neuropathy, nephropathy, and/or retinopathy

3, 4

T2DM is also known as "insulin-resistant" diabetes. The pancreas still releases insulin, but the insulin receptors of the cells are desensitized and require more insulin for glucose to be let into the cells. Uncontrolled hyperglycemia can damage the small vessels of the kidneys, eyes, and peripheral capillary beds. While someone with T2DM may require insulin administration at some point in their disease process, there are other medications and lifestyle changes used for treatment. 

300

HIV directly attacks which cells of the immune system? 

1. Macrophages 

2. Autoantibodies

3. T-cells

4. Neutrophils 

3. T-cells 

300

Normal Ranges: pH: 7.35-7.45  PaCO2: 35-45 HCO3-: 22-26

A patient has the following lab values:  pH:  7.31  PaCO2:  50  HCO3-:  22

What is the correct interpretation of this?

1. metabolic acidosis

2. metabolic alkalosis

3. respiratory acidosis 

4. respiratory alkalosis 

3. Respiratory Acidosis 

300

What is the primary etiology of otitis media?

a . pneumonia

B. pink eye

C. inner ear infection

D. respiratory infection




D. Respiratory Infection

300

A patient went into the outpatient clinic to receive a flu vaccine. Which type of acquired immunity did this patient obtain?

  1. Active artificial

  2. Active natural

  3. Passive artificial

  4. Passive natural


1. Active Artifical 

400

A patient is complaining of fatigue, brain fog, weight gain, and cold intolerance. Based on this assessment data, which of the following labs do you expect the provider to order?

1. TSH

2. CBG

3. ESR

4. CBC

1. TSH 

fatigue, brain fog, weight gain, and cold intolerance are all signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism (Hashimoto's). A TSH level would want to be drawn, as well as T3 and T4 levels. 

400

Which of the following BEST defines hypersensitivity? 

a. An excessive or undesirable immune response to a sensitizing antigen.

b. A reduced immune response found in diseases such as HIV.

c. Desensitization of the immune system by super-antigens.

d. A normal immune response to an antigen with high immunogenicity.



a. An excessive or undesirable immune response to a sensitizing antigen.

400

Normal Ranges: pH: 7.35-7.45  PaCO2: 35-45 HCO3-: 22-26

A patient has the following lab values:   pH:  7.48,  PaCO2:  45  HCO3-:  30

What is the correct interpretation of this?

1. metabolic acidosis 

2. metaboic alkalosis

3. respiratory acidosis 

4. respiratory alkalosis

2. metabolic alkalosis 

400

Which of the following are common risk factors for glaucoma? Select 4.

  1. Elderly

  2. Living in a dry area

  3. diabetes 

  4. Eye trauma

  5. High elevation

  6. Long-term steroid use

  7. Hyperlipidemia

  8. High protein levels

1, 3, 4, 6

advanced age, diabetes, eye trauma, and long-term steroid administration

400

What are the 3 main effects of Angiotensin II? SATA.

  1. Vasodilation

  2. Vasoconstriction

  3. ADH secretion

  4. Diuresis

  5. Aldosterone secretion

  6. Increase albumin

2, 3, 5

Vasoconstriction 

ADH secretion

Aldosterone secretion 

500

Dysfunction of the adrenal glands can alter which of the following hormones that associated with the stress response? SATA.

1. Epinephrine

2. Norepinephrine 

3. Cortisol 

4. Adrenaline

1, 2, 3, 4

Epinephrine is also known as adrenaline. Cortisol levels are evaluated when it is suspected a patient has Cushing's or Addison's. 

500

A patient comes into the ED complaining of SOB and dyspnea. Mother of patient states he ate a snickers bar and his body started to swell. Audible wheezing on auscultation of lungs. What is the priority action of the nurse?

  1. Administer IV NS

  2. Administer epinephrine

  3. Administer long-acting beta-agonist (LABA)

  4. Administer antihistamine


2. Administer epinephrine

500

Normal Ranges: pH: 7.35-7.45  PaCO2: 35-45 HCO3-: 22-26

A patient has the following lab values:  pH:  7.31,  PaCO2  50,    HCO3-  29

What is the correct interpretation of this?

1. metabolic acidosis uncompensated

2. metabolic acidosis partially compensated

3. respiratory acidosis uncompensated

4. respiratory acidosis partially compensated


4. respiratory acidosis partially compensated 

500

Which of the following are potential complications with otitis media in children? SATA.

  1. Recurring infections

  2. Hearing loss

  3. Vision changes

  4. rhinitis 

  5. pain 

  6. Speech delays

  7. Ear tubes



1, 2, 5, 6, 7

recurrent infections, hearing loss, pain, speech delays, ear tube surgery

500

For each of the following electrolytes, what organ/tissue is primarily affected by imbalances?

-Potassium --> ?

-Calcium --> ?

-Sodium --> ?

Potassium --> HEART (arrhythmias)

Calcium --> MUSCLES (tetany/flaccidity)

Sodium --> BRAIN (seizures, etc.)