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This structures function is to contract to move urine from the kidneys to the bladder.
What are the ureters?
This structure is where urine pass through prior to entering the ureters
What is the renal pelvis?
These two findings can be attributed to hyperkalemia.
What is muscle weakness and cardiac arrhythmias?
This is the most common predisposing factor in bladder cancer and renal cell carcinoma
What is smoking?
Nephrotic syndrome that is not caused initially by kidney disease.
What is secondary nephrotic syndrome?
This is an assessment finding in nephrotic syndrome.
What is proteinuria and frothy urine?
The kidneys are protected by the rib cage and extend from the _________ vertebra to the ________ vertebra.
What is 12th (T12) to the third lumbar (L3)?
This is a triangular area between the openings of the two ureters and the urethra.
What is the trigone?
Kussmaul respirations develop in metabolic acidosis to _______________________.
What is compensate for acid-base imbalance?
Both tumor types can metastasize to various organs via the blood stream, and both cancers seem to spread to bone and liver.
What is kidney and bladder cancer?
_________ is chronic renal failure caused by a lack of development of one of the kidneys
What is Renal aplasia?
Symptoms of glomerulonephritis include _____, ______, and ____.
What is gross hematuria, edema, and hypertension?
This structure is shorter in women, starts at the bladder neck and carries urine from outside the body.
What is the urethra?
The portion of the male urethra that is closest to the bladder is the _____ portion.
What is prostatic?
In this stage of Chronic Kidney Disease there is evidence of metabolic waste in blood as shown by lab changes, and the patient will start to have increased output of dilute urine.
What is Stage 2?
This affects children between ages of 3 and 7 years old.
What is acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (ASPGN) ?
In this disease the cysts enlarge within the kidney, stretching the capsule resulting in pain and heaviness.
What is polycystic kidney disease?
In glomerulonephritis with deposition of immunoglobulin IgA in the glomerular capillaries, client should be monitored for this.
What is hematuria?
This structure is the outer layer of the kidney that houses the glomeruli.
What is The cortex ?
These 4 things places a client at risk for acute kidney injury.
What is History of liver disease, hypertension, hospitalization, and recent surgery?
These medical conditions are predisposing factors for chronic kidney disease.
What is Heart failure, coronary artery disease and prior kidney disease?
In cystitis, blood in the urine originates as the infection invades into and irritates the ___________________________.
What is bladder wall, it becomes ulcerated and bleeds?
These are s/s consistent with Wilms' Tumor.
What is hematuria, metastasis to the lungs, unilateral abdominal mass?
this is where a Wilms' tumor can be found.
What is the kidneys?
_______ is considered the functional unit of the kidney, with one million of them existing in one kidney. They pass urine into the collecting ducts.
What is the nephron?
Systemic diseases such as lupus and lymphoma, Infection such as pyelonephritis, and Certain drugs such as NSAIDS, penicillin, and cephalosporins are examples of _______________________
What is interstitial causes of acute kidney injury?
A fixed ________ of 1.010 indicates ______________.
What is specific gravity; renal tubular damage?
In chronic kidney disease, an increased risk for urinary tract infection related to a __________ and ________________.
What is decreased flow of urine and oliguria?
Glomerulonephritis could be caused by ____.
What is poststreptococcal infection?
Most common cause of acute renal failure in a child is _______
What is hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)?
The renal systems primary functions are to ____________,_________ and ____________.
What is excrete waste products, regulate volume of extracellular fluid and regulate concentration of extracellular fluid?
This is dependent on pressure and blood flow through the kidneys. When blow flow is decreased, this is also decreased, resulting elevated BUN, altered electrolytes, and metabolic acidosis.
What is Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?
In this stage of chronic kidney disease the renal reserve starts to decrease but there are no symptoms.
What is Stage 1?
In uremic gastritis there is spontaneous bleeding can occur with severe uremia and may include ________________.
What is GI Bleed?
This condition is where the urethral meatus is located on the undersurface of the pen is.
What is hypospadias?
This is the retrograde flow of urine from the urinary bladder into the ureters that is the cause of recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs)
What is Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)?
This is a condition in which the liquid portion of the blood (plasma) is excessively low and is often due to vomiting, diarrhea, and polyuria.
What is Hypovolemia ?
These 3 things are examples of causes of ureteral obstructive in postrenal acute kidney injury.
What is stenosis, blood clots and kidney stones?
This is the classic sign in stage 5 of chronic kidney disease. The kidneys’ tissue is irrevocably damaged and can no longer filter urea and other toxins out of the body.
What is uremia?
UTIs are more common in ________ and affect ________people annually.
What is females; 6 million?
This condition is where the urethral opening is located behind the glans and can cause constant dribbiling of urine in an infant.
What is anterior epispadias?
_________ is experiencing urine reflux from the urinary bladder into a grossly dilated ureter and calyces.
What is grade IV vesicoureteral reflux?
Excess hemoglobin and myoglobin cause __________ by crystallizing, causing damage to the tubule epithelial cells, and blockage of tubules, leading to _________.
What is destruction of intrarenal structures; renal vasoconstriction?
In ___________, a partial occlusion of one or both renal arteries leads to persistent stenosis, resulting in hypoperfusion of the kidney with decreased filtration rate.
What is renal artery sclerosis?
An elevation in this electrolyte causes life-threatening arrhythmias.
What is potassium?
pyelonephritis symptoms include : ______, ______, _______, ____.
What is flank pain, hematuria, fever & chills & N/V?
An infant with this syndrome is born with wide-set eyes, parrot-beak nose, low-set ears, and receding chin.
What is Potter syndrome?
this is associated with a Wilms' Tumor
What is aniridia?
Hypertension, heart failure, pulmonary edema, and pericardial effusion are all results of this manifestation of the oliguric phase.
What is hypervolemia?
As the urinary system is blocked, typically by a stone or tumor, this occurs which can ultimately lead to kidney failure.
What is hydronephrosis?
These are the main causes of CKD
What is HTN & Diabetes mellitus?
These 4 things can cause an increased BUN.
What is infection, kidney disease, GI bleeding, and excessive muscle breakdown?
The life expectancy of infants who are diagnosed with bilateral renal agenesis is expected to be ______.
What is only a few hours?
this is incontinence in children.
What is primary enuresis?
This Tubular components' function is to reabsorb water & sodium from the urine to produce more concentrated urine.
What is the loop of henle?
This Tubular components' function is to regulate sodium, potassium, calcium, & phosphate.
What is the distal tubule?
This Tubular components' function is to filter blood.
What is glomerulus?
This Tubular components' function is to reabsorb water
What is the collecting duct?
Increased BP, ischemia & necrosis of parts of the kidney are pathophysiological effects of ________ on the kidneys.
What is malignant nephrosclerosis?
Infectious bacteria enters the urinary system through ________ and ________.
What is the urethra and through the blood stream?