Respiratory Disorders
What is the most common cause of COPD?
Cigarette smoking
Define hypoxemia.
Low arterial oxygen levels in the blood
What bacteria is a major cause of gastritis and peptic ulcers?
Helicobacter pylori
What hormone deficiency causes Addison’s disease?
Cortisol (and aldosterone) deficiency
What are the “3 Ps” of diabetes?
Polyuria, Polydipsia, Polyphagia
Which lung cancer type is most associated with smoking and early metastasis?
Small cell lung cancer
Which pleural effusion type is caused by increased hydrostatic pressure or low oncotic pressure?
Transudative effusion
Which GI disorder features skip lesions and affects all layers of the bowel?
Crohn’s disease
What condition is caused by excessive cortisol production?
Cushing Syndrome
Which type of diabetes involves autoimmune destruction of beta cells?
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
What infection causes “rust-colored sputum”?
Pneumococcal pneumonia
What condition involves air in the pleural space causing lung collapse?
Pneumothorax
What complication of diverticulitis is life-threatening?
Peritonitis
What autoimmune disorder causes hyperthyroidism?
Graves disease
What are two major acute complications of Type 1 DM?
Diabetic ketoacidosis and hypoglycemia
What bacterium causes TB and forms granulomas with caseating necrosis?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Name two classic signs of tension pneumothorax.
Jugular vein distension and tracheal deviation
What are hallmark symptoms of appendicitis?
Pain starting near the umbilicus moving to RLQ, nausea
What thyroid disorder causes thick, puffy skin and lethargy?
Myxedema (severe hypothyroidism)
What are chronic microvascular complications of diabetes?
Retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy
What lung condition progresses through exudative, proliferative, and fibrotic phases?
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
What chronic lung disease leads to “barrel chest” and loss of elastic recoil?
Emphysema
What benign colon growth can progress to cancer?
Adenomatous polyp
Name the 5 pituitary hormones affected in hypopituitarism
GH, LH, FSH, TSH, ACTH
What eating disorder involves restriction and compulsive exercise leading to <85% ideal body weight?
Anorexia nervosa