A
Type of cellular adaptation ; Replacement of one cell type with another cell type; Usually occurs in response to chronic irritation and inflammation.
What is Metaplasia?
Bone infection, typically caused by bacteria, can result in fever, pain, and swelling, often following an injury or surgery
What is Osteomyelitis?
neurodegenerative disease is characterized by progressive memory loss, confusion, and changes in behavior
What is Alzheimer?
condition where part or all of a lung collapses or fails to fully expand. It occurs when the air sacs (alveoli) in the lung become deflated or filled with fluid, leading to reduced oxygen exchange
What is Atelectasis?
gradual, consistent elevation of BP; also known as silent killer
What is primary HTN?
Most common cause of cellular injury; Results from things like decreased oxygen in the air, decreased RBC production, etc
What is Hypoxic Injury
Electrolyte imbalance; Trousseau’s and Chvostek’s signs are examples of clinical manifestations
What is hypocalcemia?
Protects the individual from infection; Also called immunoglobulin
What is Antibody?
autoimmune disease affects the central nervous system, causing symptoms like muscle weakness, numbness, and vision problems due to damage to the myelin sheath
What is Multiple Sclerosis?
condition in which the blood vessels, particularly the arteries, become narrowed and hardened due to the buildup of plaque
What is Atherosclerosis?
This long-term condition involves the gradual loss of kidney function over time, often due to hypertension, diabetes, or glomerulonephritis
What is Chronic Kidney Disease?
This condition involves excessive secretion of antidiuretic hormone, leading to water retention, low sodium levels, and potential fluid overload
What is Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion (SIADH)?
Type of antibody; Stimulates the release of mast cell granules containing histamine
What is IgE (immunoglobulin E)?
Chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways; Expiratory wheezing and a non-productive cough are common clinical manifestations
What is Asthma?
Condition marked by high blood glucose levels resulting from either insulin resistance or insufficient insulin production
What is Diabetes Mellitus?
This condition is characterized by excessive thirst and urination due to a deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or the kidneys' inability to respond to it
What is Diabetes Insipidus?
Hormone that helps maintain fluid balance by increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys, which reduces urine output and conserves body water, helping to maintain blood pressure and hydration.
What is Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)?
Condition caused by the accumulation of uric acid crystals in the joints, leading to sudden, severe pain, often in the big toe
What is Gout?
Autoimmune disorder causes chronic inflammation in the joints, typically affecting the hands and feet, and can lead to joint deformities.
What is Rheumatoid Arthritis?
Condition characterized by a sudden, severe chest pain with lab results showing elevated troponin levels
What is Myocardial Infarction?
The body’s way of responding to stress in three stages
What is General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)?
Alarm → Resistance → Exhaustion
Electrolyte imbalance; Tingling or lips and fingers, restlessness, and Tall, peaked T waves on EKG are some of its clinical manifestations
What is Hyperkalemia?
Wound healing ; Process by which a wound heals, typically from the inside out. This is commonly seen in pressure injuries.
What is wound healing by Secondary Intention?
This inflammatory bowel disease can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract and is characterized by periods of flare-ups and remission, often causing abdominal pain, diarrhea, and weight loss
What is Crohn's Disease?
Life-threatening condition involves a prolonged seizure lasting more than 5 minutes or multiple seizures occurring without full recovery of consciousness in between, requiring immediate medical intervention to prevent brain damage or death
What is Status epilepticus?