Key Concepts
A defect in the integrity of this allows organelles to be vulnerable to injury.
What is the Plasma Membrane?
These small spherical organelles contain digestive enzymes and perform autolysis or heterolysis.
What are lysosomes?
The diminished size and growth of tissue.
What is atrophy?
An increase in the size of each individual cell of an organ or tissue.
What is hypertrophy?
These are objective alterations or observations seen by others whereas symptoms are subjective experiences reported by a patient.
What are signs?
These are surface markers that identify cells as part of the individual’s own tissues.
What are Glycoproteins?
This occurs outside the mitochondria within the cell and yields 2 ATP, as well as lactic acid.
What is Anaerobic metabolism?
The cell’s genetically programmed degeneration.
What is apoptosis?
The replacement of one type of cell for another.
What is metaplasia?
Increased breast size in pregnant/lactating women is an example of what?
What is Physiological hyperplasia?
This "item", which maintains the cellular movement of Na+ outside and K+ inside the cell, requires energy.
What is the Na/K pump?
These organelles can be likened to cellular protein factories.
What are Ribosomes?
Individuals can counteract free radical injury through consumption of this.
What are antioxidants? (vitamin A, E, C, and beta-carotene)
This term refers to the presence of new disorganized, uncontrolled, uncoordinated growth.
What is Neoplasia?
A secondary disease that was initiated by previous condition/disease (EX: surgery leading to post op pneumonia or infection)
What is a complication?
This occurs at the mitochondria and yields 34 ATP.
What is Aerobic metabolism?
The point at which cells can no longer achieve reversible changes varies according to the type of cell. For example,these types of cells cannot withstand low oxygen delivery (hypoxia) for more than 6 minutes.
What are brain cells?
This type of injury, caused by the forces of hypertension, initiates the development of atherosclerosis throughout the arterial system.
What is Endothelial injury?
Term for the slow onset of s/sx; a disease that does not appear harmful but is
What is Insidious?
Athletes and weightlifters may experience this increase in muscle size WITH increase in resources.
What is physiological hypertrophy?
These organelles have their own DNA that is solely inherited from the individual’s mother.
What is mitochondria?
This is the lack of adequate blood flow to tissues which leads to cellular hypoxia, the most common form of cell injury.
What is ischemia?
This type of starvation causes low levels of albumin in the bloodstream, which leads to fluid shifting from the blood into the interstitial spaces.
What is protein starvation?
This anerobe is responsible for gas gangrene.
What is clostridium Perfingens?
List Three of the 6 different types of accumulation injury.
What are: Calcium, Urate, Pigments, Protein, Lipids, Environmental
(CUPPLE)