Neoplasms and Cancer
A neoplasm is a new growth that is either _________ or ____________.
What is benign or malignant?
This type of stress is harmful or unpleasant and can lead to anxiety, decreased performance, and physical illness when it is prolonged.
What is distress?
This condition occurs when there is an excess of fluid in the body’s tissues, often seen as swelling.
What is edema?
This term refers to a condition that is present at birth, regardless of whether it is inherited or caused by environmental factors during development.
What is a congenital disorder?
This electrolyte imbalance may develop with immobility due to bone breakdown and can lead to nephrolithiasis or renal calculi.
What is hypercalcemia?
This tumor is cancerous, grows quickly, and can invade nearby tissues or spread throughout the body.
What is malignant?
This complication of immobility results from prolonged pressure on the skin, especially over bony prominences, leading to tissue ischemia.
What are pressure ulcers (or decubitus ulcers)?
This fluid compartment contains the fluid found inside cells.
What is intracellular?
This process refers to the passing of genetic traits from parents to offspring through genes.
What is heredity?
This type of stress occurs when a person faces a perceived challenge that is positive or motivating rather than harmful.
What is eustress?
This type of tumor is encapsulated, has differentiated cells, is slow growing, and typically has localized instead of systemic effects.
What is Benign?
With advancing age, this structural protein becomes less elastic, contributing to wrinkles and decreased skin resilience.
What is collagen?
This electrolyte is the primary cation in extracellular fluid and is essential for fluid balance and nerve impulse transmission.
What is sodium (Na⁺)?
These are physical or functional abnormalities that occur during fetal development and are present at birth.
What are birth defects (or congenital anomalies)?
This condition occurs when there is excess fluid in the intravascular and interstitial spaces, often leading to swelling, crackles in the lungs, and increased blood pressure.
What is fluid overload (or hypervolemia)?
Inherited gene mutations, radiation, sunlight exposure, toxins, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption are all examples of __________ ___________ for cancer.
What are risk factors?
Prolonged lack of movement can lead to this condition, characterized by decreased bone density and increased fracture risk.
What is osteoporosis?
This electrolyte imbalance is characterized by a low potassium level and can cause muscle weakness and cardiac arrhythmias.
What is hypokalemia?
This pattern of inheritance requires that an individual inherit two copies of a mutated gene to express the disorder.
What is autosomal recessive inheritance?
This age-related electrolyte imbalance is especially dangerous in older adults because it can lead to confusion, seizures, and cellular swelling when sodium levels are too low.
What is hyponatremia?
A spread of cancer from the primary site to distant organs or tissues via the blood or lymph system.
What is metastasis?
This respiratory complication of prolonged bed rest occurs when alveoli collapse due to shallow breathing and reduced lung expansion.
What is atelectasis?
This hormone helps regulate water balance by increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys.
What is antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?
This chromosomal disorder is caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21.
What is Down Syndrome?
This inherited disorder of connective tissue can cause premature aging of the arteries, increasing risk for aneurysms and cardiovascular disease.
What is Marfan syndrome?