outer ear
case history: swimmer, ear pain, drainage, smelly
otoscopy: red, inflamed ear canal, stiff TM
tymp: As
audiogram: normal
acoustic reflexes: present
external otitis
an individual who just experienced some sort of acoustic trauma comes in with mild conductive hearing loss, flat tymps with high Vec, and absent acoustic reflexes
tm perforation
the true inner ear pathology (audiogram: fluctuating unilateral HL) (pressure equalization problems in the cochlea and semicircular canals)
menier's disease
if an individual's otoscopy results reveal that they have a lot of cerumen in their ear canal, how do we differentiate between whether to diagnose them with excessive or impacted
look at the tymps (excessive: normal, impacted: flat)
a bug/foreign object in the ear canal will be revealed in
otoscopy
an individual comes in with normal audiogram results and a stiff TM (As). Their case history reveals that they used to have PE tubes
tympanosclerosis
your patient complains of sudden loss of hearing and claims that they had tinnitus slightly before. their audiogram: mild-profound hearing loss
sudden sensorineural hearing loss
if an individual with otitis media comes in with type B tymps, what are the possible types of pathologies that we should consider
serous (thin liquid), secretory (thick liquid), purulent (fluid with bacteris)
a swimmer comes into the clinic. they have no hearing loss but their otoscopy reveals bony growths in the canal.
they ask for a diagnoses and explanation...
exostosis (commonly found in cold water swimmers) it is the body's defense against cold water
case history: 2 year old boy, lives next to a smoker, has had ear infections before
otoscopy: inflammation of the middle ear
audiogram: normal
tymp: C (precursor to ME fluid)
otitis media
an older man comes in frequently and has progressive decrease in hearing, mostly at high frequencies
prebycusis
otosclerosis is identifiable by a carhart notch by 10-15dB at 2000 Hz
patient has down syndrome, mild conductive hearing loss, and a narrow ear canal
sternosis
if an individual is diagnosed with ossicular discontinuity, what are their: audiogram results, tymps, acoustic reflexes, and location of path.
flat conductive, Ad tymp, absent reflexes on affected side, path. location is incudostapedial joint (weakest connection between incus and stapes)
what pathology only occurs in adults over the age of 30, and shows significant reflex decay, and progressive high frequency hearing loss
vestibular schwannoma
a child that has had otitis media in the past is more susceptible to get what pathologies
typanosclerosis, otitis media, ossicular chain discontinuity
what 3 outer ear pathologies have to do with the deformation or absense/closure of the pinna or ear canal
microtia: malformed pinna
anotia: absent pinna
atresia: absent or closed ear canal
if an individual has stiffening/immobility of the stapes footplate at the oval window, they most likely have ... which is expressed as a ... tymp
ankylosis, B
this pathology is unique because it might not be indicated by hearing loss. indicators might be word % C in background noise, normal/robust OAEs, absent/delayed ABRs
auditory neuropathy
a 35 year old construction worker comes into your clinic. their audiogram presents with a progressive high frequency hearing loss. you deduce that the pathology can either be a noise induced hearing loss, or a vestibular schwannoma. what is the deciding factor and how do you test for it?
test for interoctave frequencies. noise induced hearing loss audiogram will present with a notch @3000,4000, 6000 Hz