Pathology 101

Name that stain

100

This marker is positive in the lung, thyroid, small cell carcinoma of any site.

What is TTF-1

200

This marker is positive in the breast, urothelium, parathyroid, (may stain sqCC's, mesotheliomas)

What is GATA-3

300

This marker stains colorectum, pancreas, gastric, and enteric carcinomas of any site

What is CDX2?

400

This marker stains GYN serous carcinomas(also mesotheliomas and some sarcomas)

What is WT1?

500

This marker stains thyroid, renal, and GYN(mullerian)*

What is PAX8?

Hemepath

100

Nodular sclerosis, Lymphocyte rich, Lymphocyte deficient, Mixed cellularity

What is classical Hodgkin's Lymphoma? 

Other class of Hodgkin's? NLPHL

200

This lymphoma is primarily in the skin and sometimes associated with breast implants

IP: CD30+, ALK +(60-85%), CD2, CD4, CD5+ , variable CD45

CD15-, CD3-, CD8- 

What is Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma? ALCL

300

This lymphoma is associated with Celiac's disease. 

CD3+, CD7+, CD 103+

CD4-, CD8-, CD5-

What is Enteropathy-associated T cell lymphoma?

>90% in small intestine, diffuse infiltration of lymph with angioinvasion

400

This blood disorder is caused by a deficiency of GPI anchored proteins on cells. 

What is Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria?(PNH)

- RBC: Loss of CD59 and CD55

- Detected on flow cytometry by noting the absence of FLAER binding to WBCs 

500

CD138+, CD38+, MUM1+, EMA+, IG k or l restriction, CD79a+

CD19-, CD20-, CD22-

What are plasma cell neoplasms?

(MGUS vs plasma cell myeloma(MM)

Cytopath

100

Troll hairs(fibrillary stroma)

Myxoid or chondromyxoid stroma

Predominantly myoepithelial cells

Bright magenta color

What is pleomorphic adenoma

• Triphasic salivary gland tumors with ductal cells, myoepithelial cells and stromal component

200

This cancer has two main features:

1. The presence of true papillae defined as finger-like projection with a fibrovascular core

2. Nuclear features of A) nuclear enlargement, B) nuclear membrane irregularity and C) chromatin clearing

What is Papillary thyroid carcinoma?

BQ: Adequacy of thyroid FNA (6 clusters of 10 cells)

       Abundant colloid

Surg Path

100

• Sheets of neoplastic cells with intervening delicate fibrous septa   with increased lymphocytes
• Well-defined cell borders and clear cytoplasm(fried egg)
• Large hyperchromatic nuclei, prominent nucleoli

Clue: Testicular tumor

What is a seminoma?

• Positive for OCT3/4, SALL4, NANOG, CD117,  PLAP, SOX17 
•  Negative for  SOX2

200

Name the 4 Mesothelial markers

What is WT1, Calretinin, CK5/6, D2-40

300

Grade Neuroendocrine tumors

•  G1 (< 3% Ki67 and < 2 mitotic index)
•  G2 (3-20% Ki67 and 2-20 mitotic index)
•  G3 (> 20% Ki67 and > 20 mitotic index)

400

Hypocellular and hypercellular areas in a Schwannoma respectively

What are the special bodies called?

Antoni B and Antoni A areas

Verrocay bodies

500

Coagulation factor with the:

shortest half life

longest half life

-How to calculate INR

Shortest: Factor 7

Longest: Factor 13

(PT(patient)/PT(normalized))^ISI

ISI: International Sensitivity Index(1.3-1.5)

Pouporri

100

Tumors that metastasize to the bone

breast, prostate, lung, liver, kidney***

300

Grade RCC

Grade 1: Absent or inconspicuous  nucleoli(400X), absent on 100x

Grade 2: Conspicuous and eosinophilic nucleoli(400x), visible but not prominent(100x)

Grade 3: Prominent nucleoli(400X), conspicuous and eosinophilic (100x)

Grade 4: Prominent nucleoli(400x), prominent( 100x)

400

Grade DCIS

Grade 1: <1.5 RBC, rare mitosis, mild nuclear pleomorphism

Grade 2: 1-2 RBC, sparse mitosis, moderate nuclear pleomorphism

Grade 3: >2.5 RBC, frequent mitosis, severe nuclear pleomorphism