Fluid Compartments & Movement
This process moves water from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration across a semipermeable membrane.
What is Osmosis?
Normal sodium range is ___.
What is 135–145 mEq/L?
Normal potassium range is ___.
What is 3.5–5.0 mEq/L?
Normal calcium range is ___.
What is 8.6–10.2 mg/dL?
Normal phosphate range is __, and normal chloride range is __.
What is 2.4–4.4 mEq/L for phosphate and 96–106 mEq/L for chloride?
This type of pressure “pushes” water out of the capillaries into the interstitial space.
What is Hydrostatic Pressure?
This sodium imbalance can result from excessive sweating, vomiting, or diuretic use and may cause cerebral edema.
What is Hyponatremia?
This electrolyte imbalance may be caused by diuretics, diarrhea, or excessive insulin therapy and can lead to cardiac arrhythmias.
What is Hypokalemia?
Muscle twitching, carpopedal spasms, and tetany indicate this calcium imbalance.
What is Hypocalcemia?
This electrolyte is key for ATP production and bone mineralization
What is Phosphate?
A patient with burns develops fluid shifting into tissues where it cannot be used by the body. This phenomenon is called ____.
What is Third-Spacing?
This hormone increases sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys.
What is Aldosterone?
Peaked T waves on an ECG are characteristic of this electrolyte imbalance.
What is Hyperkalemia?
Flabby muscles, lethargy, and anorexia may indicate this electrolyte imbalance.
What is Hypercalcemia?
Often associated with alkalosis and vomiting, this imbalance leads to low chloride.
What is Hypochloremia?
This IV solution is isotonic and commonly used for fluid resuscitation after trauma or surgery.
What is Lactated Ringer’s (LR) or 0.9% Normal Saline?
Dry mucous membranes, agitation, and increased thirst are signs of this imbalance.
What is Hypernatremia?
This type of IV potassium administration is never safe.
What is IV Push Potassium?
This electrolyte has a normal range of 1.5–2.5 mEq/L and helps regulate neuromuscular activity and cardiac function.
What is Magnesium?
This phosphate imbalance is common in renal failure and has an inverse relationship with calcium.
What is Hyperphosphatemia?
Plasma expanders such as albumin are classified as this type of IV solution.
What are Colloids?
Patients with this imbalance may present with confusion, headache, weakness, and seizures.
What is Hyponatremia?
Foods such as bananas, oranges, spinach, and avocados are high in this electrolyte.
What is Potassium?
This electrolyte imbalance is the most undiagnosed deficiency and may cause dysrhythmias.
What is Hypomagnesemia?
Chloride shifts reciprocally with this electrolyte to maintain acid–base balance.
What is Bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻)?