Neuro Path
What are the 3 layers of the meninges?
dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
What type of AED is Phenytoin (Dilantin)?
Traditional AED
Which type of arthritis is symmetrical?
Rheumatoid arthritis
Define addiction
"substance abuse despite physiologic, social, and psychological harm"
What is anaphylactic shock?
a serious allergic reaction, it is rapid in onset & may cause death
Which ion is responsible for depolarization?
Sodium
What is the role of Carbidopa?
blocks effect of decarboxylases on L-dopa in periphery
True/False: Open (compound) fractures are more prone to infection
TRUE
What is the antidote for benzodiazepines?
Flumazenil (Romazicon)
What are the criteria for brain dead?
no response to painful stimuli, no spontaneous movement, no spontaneous respirations, no cranial nerve response, status unchanged for six hours
What changes occur to the neuron in Alzheimer's?
microtubules are tangled up & plaques accumulate and press on the neuron, interfere with neuronal function
What are the medications for vasospasm?
Nimodipine, Verpamil, Milrinone
Name one therapeutic use of Alendronate (Fosamax)
Osteoporosis in postmenopausal women, osteoporosis in men, glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis
Name the clinical uses of marijuana
suppression of emesis, appetite stimulation, relief of neuropathic pain, glaucoma (reduces intraocular pressure), multiple sclerosis (reduces spasticity and tremors)
Which strains of HPV are related to cervical cancer?
16 & 18
What are the manifestations of tonic-clonic seizures?
loss of consciousness, incontinence, possible cyanosis from constriction of airway and respiratory muscles
When should Mannitol (Osmitrol) not be given?
when the cerebral vasculature is compromised
What are the five stages of bone healing?
1) Hematoma formation, 2) fibrocartilage formation, 3) callus formation, 4) ossification, 5) consolidation/remodeling
What are the two forms of cocaine?
Cocaine hydrochloride & cocaine base
What is the treatment for Neisseria Gonorrhea?
Ceftriaxone IM, Azithromycin (if penicillin allergy)
What type of strokes are Lacunar strokes?
"silent strokes"
What are the side effects of IV or rectal Valium (diazepam)?
drowsiness, ataxia, personality changes like aggression, hyperactivity, irritability
What is the mechanism of action for Probenecid?
it acts on renal tubules to inhibit resorption of uric acid, prevents trophi, causes regression of trophi already present
What are the responses seen of alcohol affects on the diencephalon?
respiratory depression, stupor, coma, apathy, inertia
At which stage of sleep is there no eye movement?
Stage N3