Genetics
this inheritance pattern does not skip generations and does not affect females more than males
autosomal dominant
increased size of cells
hypertrophy
this kind of messenger may cross into the cell through the plasma membrane and attach to a receptor inside the cell
lipid-soluble
normal pH of blood
7.35-7.45
breastfeeding is an example of this feedback loop
positive feedback loop
this inheritance pattern affects more women than men
X-linked dominant
this type of cell death leads to cell swelling and inflammation in surrounding tissues
necrosis
3 main forms of cellular communication in the body are these (hint: think body systems)
cytokines, hormones, neurotransmitters
what makes up a buffer
weak acid and conjugate base
most common cell type in connective tissue, secrete components of the ECM
fibroblast
proportion of genotypes that show expected phenotype (an example is achondroplasia)
penetrance
necrosis caused by fungal and mycobacterial infection
caseous necrosis
this transmembrane protein connects extracellular matrix to cell
integrin
transmembrane proteins that move two molecules across the membrane in one direction simultaneously
symport
components of the extracellular fluid (ECF)
interstitial fluid and plasma
what are the types of histone modification?
histone acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation
this element mimics calcium and can behave as a chemical messenger and disrupt homeostasis
lead
cAMP signaling pathway is an example of this
intracellular/second messenger signaling
molecules/chemical compounds that can diffuse across the cell membrane
CO2, O2, H2O, nonpolar substances, small polar substances
decreased capillary oncotic pressure can lead to this physiological effect in the body
edema
cystic fibrosis is a type of _______ mutation
nonsense
can be life threatening; associated with high environmental temperatures and humidity
heat stroke
this membrane receptor can activate or suppress protein synthesis
catalytic membrane receptor
In a carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system, when pH decreases, more _____ is produced.
CO2
hyponatremia causes more fluid to be drawn to ______
intracellular space