Patho Basics & Cells
An increase in muscle size would be due to this happening to the cells
What is hypertrophy?
Normal serum ph level
What is 7.35-7.45?
A normal response to injury or or an injurious agent
What is inflammation?
This type of infection is transmitted in a healthcare setting
What is nosocomial?
This life-threatening reaction causing airway obstruction is caused by an antigen-antibody reaction
What is anaphylaxis?
These blood cells are the most prominent in the body
What are erythrocytes (RBCs)?
This is the time at which the aging process begins
What is birth?
If severe enough, multiple body systems can be impacted and serious complications can occur related to this...
What is stress?
A Department of Health and Human Services initiative with goals for the health of populations for the next ten years
Your patient has high C02 levels and pneumonia with a low ph. She is likely in...
What is respiratory acidosis?
Aspirin, NSAIDs and Corticosteroids are all used for the treatment of this. Acetaminophen is NOT used for this.
What is inflammation?
This intracellular pathogen cannot survive without a host
What is a virus?
This type of transplant where a person's own tissue is used is called
What is Autograft?
These vessels carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the organs
What are arteries?
This disease occurs when bone mass and/or bone mineral density occurs leading to a decrease in bone strength
What is osteoporosis?
The body's stress response elevates these two functions as well as other functions
What is blood pressure and heart rate?
A pap smear that shows cells varying cell sizes and shapes would be called cervical _______
What is dysplasia?
When sodium levels are low, impairing conduction of nerves and creating a fluid imbalance
What is hyponatremia?
A new mom has a breast infection indicated by a hard red swollen area on her breast that is warm and painful to touch. These signs of inflammation are called
What are the Cardinal Signs of Inflammation?
This type of active immunity creates memory cells and circulating antibodies that fully activate the immune system with exposure the specific pathogen
What is immunization?
This is the emergency treatment for anaphylaxis
What is epinephrine?
The process in which various blood cells develop from a single stem cell
What is hematopoiesis?
This hormone generally peaks in males during adolescence and early adulthood, declining slowly with age
What is testosterone?
A stress syndrome that is a serious consequence of a major catastrophe is called
What is Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?
What is incidence?
The patient has a pH level of 7.45 and a PC02 level of 32. The acid base imbalance would be this.
What is respiratory alkalosis?
These large WBCs can differentiate into macrophages
What are monocytes?
Mother to fetus across the placenta is which type of immunity
What is natural passive?
An abnormality in one or more parts of the immune system that affects the ability to fight off infection
What is immunodeficiency?
This fluid is about 90% water and is responsible for the transport of nutrients and waste. It makes up 55% of whole blood
What is plasma?
This occurs when menstruation ceases, progesterone and estrogen decrease, and the ovaries stop their normal function.
What is menopause?
The three stages of the stress response are called
What is alarm, resistance and exhaustion?
A mammogram would be this type of intervention
What is secondary?
Chemical buffer systems, the lungs controlling C02 and the kidneys are all part of regulating this function
What is acid base balance?
Cellular functions, intact skin and antibody production are three defense mechanisms used by the body. What are they defending the body from?
What is organism invasion/infection/microbes?
This treatment is only effective against bacteria and are classified based on what part of the cell they target
What is antibiotic?
This T-Cell mediated immunodeficiency is considered to be one of the most severe
What is severe combined immune deficiency?
These cells help to control bleeding at the site of a vessel injury by forming a plug
What are thrombocytes (platelets)?
These types of drugs affect the CNS by slowing down messages between the brain and body.
What is a depressant?
This fight or flight hormone made in the adrenal gland, can actually reduce tissue regeneration and impact healing. It is increased with severe and/or prolonged stress
What is Cortisol?
A recommendation for moderate exercise is made to a patient with mild heart disease. This is an example of what type of prevention
What is secondary prevention?
Symptoms of this deficit are muscle weakness, headache, and confusion
What is hyponatremia?
These cells originate in bone marrow and are responsible for immune and inflammatory processes.
What are leukocytes (WBCs)?
A disease causing pathogen that is known to mutate during replication
What is a virus?
An ABO blood incompatibility resulting in cell lysis and phagocytosis is what type of hypersensitivity?
What is type II?
These vessels return poorly oxygenated blood to the heart
What are veins?
Agitation, fatigue, lethargy, shaking (tremors), nausea, vomiting, high blood pressure, and diaphoresis are all symptoms of this
What is withdrawal?
During this stage of Selye's stress response, the body is unable to respond and may be damaged by increased demands
What is the exhaustion stage?
You refer your patient to a support group when she is diagnosed with end stage metastatic breast cancer. This is an example of what type of prevention..
What is tertiary?
This alteration in acid base balance is caused by hyperventilation that lowers C02 levels in the blood
What is respiratory alkalosis?
One of the first chemical mediators to be released in an inflammatory response, especially trauma and IgE responses
What is histamine?
This type of transmission occurs when respiratory or salivary pathogen containing secretions are expelled from the body
What is droplet?
This type of immune response is mediated in the thymus and results in T cell production
What is cell mediated immunity?
This occurs when Sodium concentrations in the blood are low, creating a fluid imbalance in the body
This theory suggests that the spinal cord has a mechanism of controlling pain signals reaching the brain
What is the gate control theory?
The ability to respond to physical or psychological homeostasis and return to a balanced state
What is adaptation or resilience?
The study of infections, incidence, prevalence, and causes
What is epidemiology?
This hormone conserves fluid when there is a fluid deficit in the body
What is aldosterone?
Both of these lab tests indicate the presence of inflammation in the body.
What are the ESR and CRP? (Erythrocyte Sedimentation rate and C-Reactive Protein)
In this rejection response, it is the graft that doesn't recognize the recipient's body and attacks organ systems.
What is Graft Vs. Host Disease?
This group of disorders occurs when the immune system fails to recognize self and non-self cells
What is autoimmune disease?
This is the percentage of the oxygen carrying protein attached to the RBC that is present in a sample of blood.
What is hemoglobin?
This type of nerve cell is a sensory receptor for painful stimuli
what is a nociceptor?
Irritability, agitation, risk for heart disease, herpes outbreak, tension headaches, and irritable bowel syndrome can all be caused by high levels or prolonged periods of this
What is STRESS?