Category 1: Acid-Base Basics
100: This is the pH level for the human body.
Answer: What is 7.35 to 7.45?
100: This type of diabetes is characterized by an autoimmune destruction of beta cells, leading to zero insulin production.
Answer: What is Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?
100: This is the only type of insulin that can be administered intravenously, typically to treat DKA.
Answer: What is regular (short-acting) insulin?
100: These are the five stages of grief identified by Kübler-Ross.
Answer: What are denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance?
100: Positive Chvostek and Trousseau signs are physical cues that a patient may be in this acid-base state.
Answer: What is alkalosis?
200: This imbalance is characterized by a "down" or depressed state, low pH, and low bicarbonate level.
Answer: What is metabolic acidosis?
200: Weight loss, heat intolerance, nervousness, and exophthalmos (bulging eyes) are classic signs of this condition.
Answer: What is hyperthyroidism?
200: In a diabetic diet, this is the number of grams of carbohydrates that constitute one "serving."
Answer: What is 15 grams?
200: This type of grief occurs before the actual loss, such as when a family receives a terminal diagnosis for a loved one.
Answer: What is anticipatory grief?
200: To treat mild hypoglycemia, a nurse should provide 15 grams of fast-acting carbohydrates and recheck blood sugar in this many minutes.
Answer: What is 15 minutes?
300: When metabolic acidosis occurs, the lungs use this compensatory mechanism to "blow off" CO
Answer: What is hyperventilation (or Kussmaul breathing)?
300: This late-stage liver disease can cause ascites, jaundice, and esophageal varices.
Answer: What is cirrhosis?
300: This synthetic hormone is used to speed up metabolism in patients with hypothyroidism.
Answer: What is Synthroid (levothyroxine)?
300: This term describes grief that is not openly validated or socially acknowledged by others.
Answer: What is disenfranchised grief?
300: Patients with cirrhosis and ascites should be educated to follow this specific dietary restriction.
Answer: What is a low-sodium diet?
400: This acid-base state is often caused by hypoventilation due to conditions like COPD, opioid overdose, or sleep apnea.
Answer: What is respiratory acidosis?
400: This specific set of lab results—high TSH and low T3/T4—is indicative of this condition.
Answer: What is primary hypothyroidism?
400: This category of insulin, including glargine and detemir, provides a steady "basal" trickle and has no distinct peak.
Answer: What is long-acting insulin?
400: A person who experiences multiple losses in a very short period may suffer from this specific type of grief.
Answer: What is complicated grief?
400: For a patient in respiratory acidosis, the nurse should prioritize this physical positioning to help restore gas exchange.
Answer: What is Semi-Fowler’s position?
Identify this uncompensated state: pH=7.52, PaCO2=30, HCO3=24.
Answer: What is uncompensated respiratory alkalosis?
500: This decline in brain function occurs in cirrhosis because the liver cannot filter toxins like ammonia.
Answer: What is portal-systemic encephalopathy (PSE)?
500: This medication is used in cirrhosis to help the body excrete excess ammonia through the stool.
Answer: What is Lactulose?
500: This cardinal rule of grief support emphasizes being genuine and present rather than trying to "fix" the pain.
Answer: What is "admit our helplessness" or "be present with the person in grief"?
500: While treating DKA with insulin, nurses must carefully monitor for this electrolyte imbalance, which can occur as potassium moves back into the cells.
Answer: What is hypokalemia?