Immune
Identifies proteins, antigens,Humoral immunity, releases antibodies when identified,Produces antibodies – immunoglobulins
What is a B-Cell
What is red blood cells
–Antibodies against Ach in post synaptic clef of NMJ
•Severe weakness and abnormal fatigue of muscles
–Chronic, autoimmune disease
What is myasthenia gravis
Dyspnea, orthopnea,
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
Cough
Crackles not clearing with
cough
Rapid weight gain
Dependent edema
Abdominal bloating
Ascites
Jugular venous distention
Sleep disturbances
Fatigue
What is left sided heart failure
Blood clot in a pulmonary artery obstructing blood flow and resulting
in infarcted lung tissue
• DVT is a significant risk factor for PE.
• Immobility and malignancy are also risks
What is a pulmonary embolism
FORM ANYWHERE IN RENAL TRACT
USUALLY IN RENAL PELVIC OR CALICES
RISK FOR DEVELOPMENT ↑ WHEN THERE IS TOO
PREDISPOSING FACTORS:
DEHYDRATION
INFECTION
OBESITY
EXCERCISE
RENAL CALCULI
PREVALENCE FOR AMERICANS
MALES 12%
FEMALES 7%
What are kidney stones
under production of thyroid hormones, can’t meet the needs of the body
What is hypothyroidism
Bulging outpouches in the GI wall push the mucosal lining through the surrounding muscle.
What is diverticulitis
Redness, Heat,Swelling,Pain
What is the inflammatory response
Antibodies Against Platelets
Platelets trapped in liver/spleen
Phagocytosis = thrombocytopenia
Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Progressive memory loss and decreased cognitive function
Pathophysiology
Neuronal degeneration
Reduced Cholinergic Transmission
Amyloid plaques
Neurofibrillary tangles
What is alzheimer's disease
Narrowing or obstruction of 1 or more coronary arteries
What is Atherosclerosis
Smoking is the #1 risk factor
Chronic and/or recurrent
respiratory infections
Allergies
Hereditary factors (alpha1-
protease inhibitor)
What is risk factors for COPD
•• NOCTURIA
•• DRIBBLING AT THE END OF URINARY STREAM
•• INCONTINENCE OF URINE
•• URGENCY TO URINATE
•• PAINFUL URINATION
•• HEMATURIA
•• STRAINING TO URINATE
•• INCOMPLETE BLADDER EMPTYING
•• SLOWED OR DELAYED URINARY STREAM.
What is symptoms of BPH
Immune system disorder (autoimmune)
• Overproduction of thyroid hormones
• More common in women <40 years of age
What is Graves disease
Characterized by chronic symptoms of abdominal pain, alternating constipation and diarrhea, and abdominal distention
What is irritable bowel syndrome
Skin,Mucous Membranes ,Gastric Acid,Major Histocompatibility Complex
What is barrier defenses
What is white blood cells
Temporary neurologic deficit resulting from a temporary impairment of blood flow
What is a transient ischemic attack
Decreased exercise tolerance
Muscle wasting
Weakness
Anorexia or nausea
Weight loss
Lightheadedness/dizziness
Confusion, AMS
Tachycardia at rest
Oliguria with recumbent
nocturia
Cool/vasoconstricted
extremities Pallor, cyanosis
What is right sided heart failure
chronic inflammatory disease of the
airways resulting in periodic "attacks" of
coughing, wheezing, shortness of
breath, and chest tightness.
What is asthma
SUDDEN, SHORT TERM LOSS OF RENAL
FUNCTION
What is acute kidney injury
a test that measures the average blood glucose
control of an individual over the previous
three months
What Hemoglobin A1C
Inflammation of the mucosa in the colon that causes ulcerations
What is ulcerative colitis
Inherited, result of genetic mutations usually present at birth
B-cell immunodeficiency – loss of antibody production
T-cell immunodeficiency – fewer T cells
What is primary immune deficiency
what is sickle cell anemia
•Dyskinesias
•Tremor, Mask
•Postural instability
•Bradykinesia, akathisia
•Psychologic disturbance
•Dementia, depression, impaired memory
What is symptoms of parkinsons disease
Exertional, 5-10 min
• Aggravated by exercise,
exposure to cold,
emotional stress
• Stable pattern of onset,
duration, severity , and
relieving factors
• Relieved by rest
What is stable angina
Chronic & recurrent obstruction
of airflow
• Obstruction is progressive & has
inflammatory component
• Leading cause of morbidity &
mortality worldwide
• Presentation: chronic cough,
sputum production dyspnea
What is COPD
PROGRESSIVE, IRREVERSIBLE KIDNEY(NEPHRON) DISEASE
What is chronic kidney disease
cells in body become resistant to
insulin, making it harder for glucose to enter the
cells
What is type 2 diabetes
Backflow of gastric or duodenal contents (or both) into the esophagus and past the lower esophageal sphincter
What is GERD
swelling of the lips and or tongue, trouble breathing, rash, vomiting
what is anaphylaxis
What is platelets
A brief seizure that lasts seconds
Occurs in both sides of the brain at the same time
May or may not lose consciousness
No loss or change in muscle tone
Can occur several times throughout the day
Person appears to be daydreaming
Common in children
Recovery is immediate
Can happen up to 100x/day if untreated
What is an absence seizure
Angina of increasing
intensity, frequency,
or duration
• Occurs at rest or
with minimal activity
• Longer than 15 min
What is unstable angina
A reduction of
PO2 of the arterial
blood (typically
less than 60 mm
Hg )
What is cyanosis
THE ENLARGED PROSTATE PUTS PRESSURE ON THE URETHRA
IMPEDING URINE FLOW (CAN BE PARTIAL OR COMPLETE)
HAPPENS IN MEN >60 YEARS OF AGE
MOST COMMON BENIGN TUMOR IN MEN
What is BPH
The β cells in the pancreas are destroyed or
suppressed.
Two subtypes: Idiopathic
Immune mediated-
What is type 1 diabetes
Inflammation in the small intestines caused by ingesting gluten
What is celiac disease