Homeostasis & Stress
Immunity
Infection
Musculoskeletal
Inflammation
Anemia's
100
These mechanisms regulate internal variables such as temperature and blood glucose.
What are feedback mechanisms?
100
This first-line defense acts as a physical barrier against microorganisms.
What is the skin?
100
Clue: The stage of infection when symptoms are at their peak.
What is the acute stage?
100
Clue: Loss of bone matrix resulting in thin, fragile bones.
: What is osteoporosis?
100
Clue: This inflammatory mediator causes vasodilation and increased capillary permeability.
What is histamine?
100
This is the most common symptom experienced by clients with anemia due to decreased oxygen delivery to tissues.
What is fatigue?
200
The body's response when blood glucose falls and the liver releases stored glucose.
What is a compensatory response?
200
This second-line defense consists of inactive proteins circulating in the blood that become activated during infection.
What is the complement system?
200
Clue: A person has fatigue, headache, and body aches before specific symptoms develop.
What is the prodromal stage?
200
The abnormal inflammatory tissue that forms in rheumatoid arthritis.
What is pannus?
200
Clue: This inflammatory mediator is responsible for pain.
Answer: What is bradykinin?
200
This type of anemia results from a deficiency of vitamin B12,
name signs and symptoms
What is pernicious anemia?
fatigue & weakness, pallor, shortness of breath, tachycardia, dizziness, paresthesia
glossitis, confusion, loss of appetite
300
The physiologic stress response involving activation of the central nervous system and sympathetic nervous system.
A friend ask you what is homeostasis? what happens homeostasis if broke?
What is the fight-or-flight response?
Any imbalance will result in an illness if not address
300
Clue: This type of immunity occurs when a vaccine stimulates antibody formation.
What is active artificial immunity?
300
Clue: An elevated white blood cell count caused by increased bone marrow production. What is the term used to define this?
What happens when this occurs?
What is leukocytosis? Increased WBC-
Patho: bone marrow increase the production of leukocytes
300
Clue: Joint pain that worsens with activity and improves with rest.
Mention characteristics of this condition?
What is osteoarthritis?
Aching joints pain that worsens with activity
300
Clue: Redness, warmth, swelling, and pain are examples of these signs.
What are local signs of inflammation?
300
Clue: A client with chronic kidney disease develops anemia because the kidneys are not producing enough of this hormone, which stimulates red blood cell production.
Answer: ❓ What is erythropoietin (EPO)?
NCLEX Pearl: Think CKD = Low EPO = Anemia
400
A client develops edema because heart failure disrupts this aspect of homeostasis.
What type of imbalance will this cause?
What is fluid balance regulation?
Fluid and electrolyte imbalance
400
The antibody involved in Type I hypersensitivity reactions.
What is IgE?
400
Clue: An infection that remains confined to one body area.
What signs and symptoms will you see?
What is a local infection? or focal
Objective; swelling, redness, warmth, (erythema), pus, loss of function,
subjective: what client reports;
pain, tenderness, itching soreness,
400
A common complication of prolonged immobility resulting from shrinking muscle fibers.
What is muscle atrophy?
400
Clue: Fever, fatigue, leukocytosis, and headache are examples of these signs.
What are systemic signs of inflammation?
400
Clue: The nurse is teaching a client with sickle cell anemia how to prevent vaso-occlusive crises. This is the most important daily intervention, the client should do
Answer: ❓ What is maintaining adequate hydration?
Bonus: Avoid high altitudes and extreme temperatures.
500
When a person perceives a stressor, the body's stress response begins with arousal of the central nervous system. Place the following physiologic responses in the correct order:
- Increased release of epinephrine and norepinephrine
- Increased heart rate, blood pressure, and blood glucose
- Perception of a stressor
- Activation of the sympathetic nervous system
❓ What is:
3 → 4 → 1 → 2
- Perception of a stressor
- Activation of the sympathetic nervous system
- Release of epinephrine and norepinephrine
- Increased heart rate, blood pressure, and blood glucose
500
Clue: In this hypersensitivity reaction, immune complexes deposit in tissues and activate complement.
What is Type III hypersensitivity?
500
Clue: This medical device places a hospitalized client at high risk for systemic infection.
What is a Intravenous catheter, foley catheter,
central venous catheter (central line)?
500
Clue: A postmenopausal woman who smokes and lacks vitamin D is at high risk for this disorder.
Mention some of the characteristics of this diagnosis?
What is osteoporosis?
silent fractures, vertebral compression, decreased in height, kyphosis,fragile bones,
500
Clue: Persistent inflammation that may lead to fibrosis, scarring, and organ dysfunction.
person will complain of :Swollen painful joints;
Mentioned some medical conditions
What is chronic inflammation?
Rheumatoid arthritis (R.A)
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
500
Clue: A client has anemia, recurrent infections, and thrombocytopenia. The nurse recognizes this disorder results from bone marrow failure.
Answer: ❓ What is aplastic anemia?
NCLEX Clue: Remember:
- ↓ RBCs = Anemia
- ↓ WBCs = Infection risk
- ↓ Platelets = Bleeding risk also known as Pancytopenia
600
A student is about to take a major exam and begins to experience palpitations and rapid breathing. Which physiologic response is occurring first?
A. Increased insulin secretion
B. Activation of the sympathetic nervous system
C. Decreased cortisol production
D. Activation of digestive processes
What is Activation of the sympathetic nervous system?
Bonus Teaching Point:
Stress Response Sequence
Stressor → CNS Arousal → Sympathetic Nervous System Activation → Epinephrine Release → ↑ HR → ↑ BP → ↑ RR → ↑ Blood Glucose → Increased Alertness
600
Clue:
The nurse is caring for four clients. Which client should be assessed first?
A. Client receiving a flu vaccine who reports arm soreness
B. Client with lupus who reports joint pain
C. Client receiving immune globulin after exposure to hepatitis
D. Client stung by a bee who develops wheezing, hives, and difficulty breathing
Answer: ❓ Who is the client stung by a bee who develops wheezing, hives, and difficulty breathing?
✅ Correct Answer: D
600
Clue: An immobile client develops crackles, fever, and productive cough. Name the respiratory complication.
What is pneumonia?
600
A 72-year-old postmenopausal client has been on bedrest for 3 weeks following a hip fracture. The client smokes, drinks large amounts of coffee, and takes long-term prednisone therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. The client is at greatest risk for developing what disorder? and what contributes to her diagnosis? for the Cue's
✅ What is osteoporosis?
Why?
- Aging
- Postmenopausal estrogen deficiency
- Immobility
- Smoking
- Excessive caffeine
600
The nurse receives report on four clients experiencing inflammation. Which client should the nurse assess first?
A. Client with a sprained ankle who reports pain rated 6/10
B. Client with rheumatoid arthritis experiencing joint stiffness
C. Client with cellulitis who has a temperature of 103°F (39.4°C), confusion, and a blood pressure of 86/50 mm Hg
D. Client with redness and swelling around a paper cut
Answer: ❓ Who is the client with cellulitis who has a temperature of 103°F (39.4°C), confusion, and a blood pressure of 86/50 mm Hg?
✅ Correct Answer: C
600
Provide a important fact about each anemia and symptoms, what do you want to educate to prevent
1.Pernicious anemia
2.Iron-deficiency anemia
3. Sickle cell anemia
4.Aplastic anemia
1. Vitamin B12 deficiency- paresthesia, glossitis Educate: B12 injections, maintain follow up appt
2. Iron deficiency- fatigue, pallors, Educate: consume iron rich foods; red meat, lentils, spinach
3.Pain crises, jaundice: Maintain hydrated, avoid extreme temperatures, avoid altitures
4.Anemia with thrombocytopenia and infection risk
Educate: avoid crowds & Individual infection, report fever,