Genetics & Heredity
What is the basic unit of life?
What is a Cell?
What is the medical term for a physical injury caused by an external force?
What is trauma?
What is another medical term for an abnormal new growth or tumor?
What is a neoplasm?
What does BMI stand for?
What is Body Mass Index?
A patient has a weakened immune system and experiences frequent infections. What general condition describes this problem?
What is immunodeficiency?
How many chromosomes are normally found in a human body cell?
What are 46 chromosomes, arranged in 23 pairs.
Name four common signs of inflammation.
What are redness, warmth, swelling, and pain?
What is the difference between a benign tumor and a malignant tumor?
What is a benign tumor being noncancerous, while a malignant tumor is cancerous and can invade nearby tissues?
A patient has severe weight loss and muscle wasting because of advanced cancer. What condition is this?
What is cachexia?
A patient experiences intense fear of gaining weight and severely restricts food intake. What eating disorder is most likely?
What is anorexia nervosa?
Genes contain the instructions for making what important substances in the body?
What are proteins?
Why does an injured area often become red and warm during inflammation?
What is the widening of blood vessels, which increases blood flow to the injured area?
A guitar player develops thick calluses on their fingertips because the skin produces additional cells. What type of cell growth is occurring?
What is hyperplasia?
A patient cannot swallow safely and needs short-term feeding through a tube inserted through the nose into the stomach. What type of tube is used?
What is a nasogastric (NG) tube?
A patient repeatedly consumes unusually large amounts of food and then vomits to compensate. What eating disorder is described?
What is bulimia nervosa?
A newborn is diagnosed with Down syndrome. What chromosome abnormality causes this condition?
What is an extra copy of chromosome 21 (trisomy 21)?
A patient sprains an ankle while playing basketball. The ankle becomes swollen, warm, and painful, but no microorganisms are involved. Is this inflammation or infection?
What is inflammation without infection?
A patient is diagnosed with lung cancer. Doctors later discover cancer cells in the liver. What is the medical term for this spread?
What is metastasis?
A patient needs nutrition delivered directly into the small intestine rather than the stomach. Which feeding tube would be used?
What is a jejunostomy (J-tube)?
Frequent urination, excessive thirst, and increased hunger are common symptoms of which disease?
What is diabetes mellitus?
During the formation of an egg or sperm cell, chromosome 21 fails to separate correctly. What is this error called, and what condition can result?
What is nondisjunction, which can result in Down syndrome (trisomy 21)?
A patient suffers severe burns in a house fire. Several days later, the patient develops an infection. Explain how the original trauma increased the risk of infection.
What is damage to the skin's protective barrier, allowing microorganisms to enter the body and cause infection?
A patient has a benign tumor in one location, while another patient has a malignant tumor that has spread to other organs. Explain why the malignant tumor is generally more dangerous.
What is the ability of malignant tumors to invade nearby tissues, spread to distant organs, and interfere with normal body functions?
A patient needs a feeding tube for a few weeks, while another patient requires feeding for several months. Which patient would typically receive an NG tube, and which would receive a G-tube?
What is an NG tube for short-term feeding and a G-tube for long-term feeding?
A patient undergoing chemotherapy begins getting frequent infections. What has happened to the patient's immune system?
What is impaired immunity (immunodeficiency)?