Definitions
Involves the study of functional or physiologic changes in the body that result from a disease process.
Pathophysiology
Pathogens enter the body and cause illness; antibodies form in host.
Natural active Immunity
T & B immunity are part of the ________ immune system. The T-cells are _____-_______ immunity and the B-cells are _______ immunity.
Cell-mediated & Humoral.
7.34-7.45
Normal pH
increased= alkaline
decreased= acidic
Isolated infection to one area.
Local infection
Deviation from the normal state of homeostasis
Disease
Antibodies are passed directly from mother to child; provides temporary protection.
Natural Passive
These cells originate from stim-cells, travel to the thymus to mature (differentiate), and are responsible for cell-mediated immunity.
T-lymphocytes
Which fluid compartment houses 2/3, or the majority of the water?
Intracellular (ICF)
Use of aprons, gowns, gloves, surgical masks, protective eyewear and face shields along with standard precautions.
Clumping of particles together by antibodies
Agglutination
Vaccination (live or attenuated organisms) is injected into a person; no illness results, but antibodies form. Prevents infection.
Artificial Active
These cells originate from stim-cells, mature in the bone marrow, and eventually live in the lymph tissues.
B-lymphocytes
This is the "liquid" component of the blood and is housed in the intravascular space.
Plasma
This is a small mass of cells with a necrotic center, covered by connective tissue. It is formed from repetitive irritants.
Granuloma
Diagnostic test to determine the level of serum immunoglobulins.
Titer
Antibodies are injected into a person to provide temporary protection or minimize the severity of infection.
Artificial Passive
List the different T-cells and their functions.
(hint: refer to the ones on the video)
The cytotoxic CD8-positive T-killer cells destroy the target cell by binding to the antigen and releasing damaging enzymes or chemicals, such as monokines and lymphokines, which may destroy foreign cell membranes or cause an inflammatory response, attract macrophages to the site, stimulate the proliferation of more lymphocytes, and stimulate hematopoiesis. Phagocytic cells then clean up the debris.
The helper CD4-positive T cell facilitates the immune response by remembering the antigen and how to "kill" the invader. A subgroup, the memory T cells, remains in the lymph nodes for years, ready to activate the response again if the same invader returns. They can also differentiate into T-helper cells to kill an invading pathogen.
Urination & defecation are these types of fluid losses.
While evaporation through the skin and vapor expired from the mouth and lungs, are this type of fluid loss.
Sensible Losses
Insensible Losses
Expressed as the case fatality rate; the % of deaths occurring in the number of persons who develop a disease.
Virulence
Biopsy. Autopsy.
What Cells create antibodies?
B-lymphocytes.
Known as Humoral immunity.
Name the different immunoglobulins and their function.
IgG: Most common in the blood. Includes antibacterial, antiviral, and antitoxin antibodies.
IgM: Activates compliment system
IgA: found in tears, saliva, mucous membranes, and colostrum.
IgE: Allergens= releases histamine and contributes to inflammation.
IgD: attached and activates B-cells
This describes the concentration of particles in a solution.
Osmolarity
Common clinical manifestations of the flu.
Sudden, acute onset of disease. High fever. Marked fatigue & aching pains in the body.