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Basic Assessment Skills
OPQRST
GCS
Trauma Assessment
Medical Assessment
100
These phrases make up the acronym SAMPLE, which is used to remember pertinent questions during an assessment.
What is Signs/symptoms, Allergies, Medications, Past medical history, Last oral intake, and Events leading up to this incident.
100
This is what the "O" stands for in OPQRST, and what it refers to.
What is Onset? - what were they doing when it started, did the pt feel their activity or inactivity contributed to this event, and was it a rapid onset/ gradual onset
100
These words make up the acronym GCS
What is Glascow Coma Scale
100
Patients over this age require the application of a cervical collar, per protocol, when there is a mechanism of injury present, whether or not they have neck pain.
What is 65?
100
For assessment purposes, the abdomen is divided into this many sectors, and this how they are each referred to.
What is 4 quadrants, the Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ), Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ), Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ), and Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)?
200
This is what ROC stands for in the acronym of ROC-LOC-ABC
What is Reviewing dispatch info, Overviewing the scene, and C-spine consideration.
200
This is what the "P" stands for in OPQRST, and what it refers to.
What is Provocation? Does anything make the pain better or worse? ie changes when palpating the area of pain, changes while breathing, changes with movement, etc.
200
This is the lowest GCS score a pt can have.
What is 3? *What is the highest?
200
This is the type of shock a pt experiences from excessive blood loss.
What is hypovolemic shock?
200
This is the term for a severe allergic reaction.
What is Anaphylaxis?
300
This is also referred to as the secondary assessment.
What is the head to toe exam? * Primary assessment is also referred to as the kill zone assessment, initial assessment or the nose to knees assessment.
300
This is what the "Q" stands for in OPQRST, and what it refers to.
What is Quality? How does it feel? ie dull, sharp, pressure, stabbing, tearing, burning etc.
300
These are the 3 categories that make up the GCS
What is eye opening, verbal response, and motor response? *How many points are possible in each category?
300
These are things you would check while doing the "C" step in the "ABC" portion of ROC-LOC-ABC in a trauma pt.
What is prescence of circulation, prescence of peripheral pulses (typically indicating adequate circulation), and checking for any external bleeding? *How do we control bleeding?
300
These are the 4 basic lung sounds.
What is normal, crackles (rales), wheezes, and rhonchi. *Lung sounds can also be classified as diminished or absent, and are divided into upper and lower fields and left and right.
400
This is what the acronym AVPU stands for.
What is Alert, Verbal (alert to verbal stimuli), Painful (alert to painful stimuli), and Unresponsive?
400
This is what the "R" stands for in OPQRST, and what it refers to.
What is Radiation? Does the pain go anywhere else on the body? *What instances would typically have pain radiation?
400
This is the GCS score a pt has who opens his eyes when commanded and groans with a sternal rub while reaching with his hands for his chest.
What is 10? Eye opening - 3 Verbal response - 2 Motor response - 5
400
These are signs of a tension pnuemothorax
What is chest pain, respiratory distress, low SPO2, tachycardia, JVD (Jugular Vein Distention), diminished or absent lung sounds on the effected side, and tracheal deviation.
400
These are the 3 things assessed by using the Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale.
What is Facial droop, arm drift (have patient close eyes and hold both arms straight out for 10 seconds), and Abnormal speech (have patient say the sky is blue in Michigan)?
500
These are the 7 things that make up a complete set of baseline vitals.
What is Pulse, Respirations, Blood Pressure, Lung sounds, Pupils, Skin perfusion (color, temperature, dry/moist), and Pulse ox? (SPo2) *We should be getting all 7 of these on EVERY medical call if we are doing primary pt care prior to EMS arrival.
500
This is what the "S" and "T" stand for in OPQRST, and what they refer to.
What is Severity and Time? Severity referring to the pain scale, where 0 is no pain and 10 is the worst pain ever. Time refers to when this event started, how long it has been going on, has anything changed since it started, and has something like this happened before.
500
This is the GCS score a pt would get that does not open eyes to any stimuli, has an occasional non-purposeful moan, and has muscle tension, including arm extension/ stiff extremities and clenched teeth.
What is 5? Eye - 1 Verbal - 2 Motor - 2 (decerebrate posturing)
500
These words make up the acronym DCAP-BTLS.
What is Deformities, Contusions (bruises), Abrasions, Penetrations/ Punctures, - Burns, Tenderness, Lacerations, Swelling?
500
This medical condition is a potentially fatal, whole-body inflammation that is caused by severe infection. Common signs/ symptoms of this condition include hyper/hypothermia, tachycardia, hyper/hypoventilation, altered mental status, swelling, and hypotension.
What is Sepsis?