Development
The gross motor development stage of a 6 month old?
Sitting up
Define positive predictive value
TP / (TP + FP)
10 patients with thyroid cancer are identified and surveyed by patient interviews to identify previous radiation exposure. The study design is ______
Case series (no control group)
Define ecological fallacy
A formal fallacy in the interpretation of statistical data that occurs when inferences about the nature of individuals are deduced from inferences about groups/populations
Explain the Affordable Care Act
A comprehensive reform law, enacted in 2010, that increases health insurance coverage for the uninsured and implements reforms to the health insurance market.
The newborn reflexes
Root, moro, babinski, sucking, grasp, tonic neck, stepping
The test that is considered the true negative
Specificity = TN / (TN + FP)
The extent to which the findings of are study are valid or true based on the soundness of the techniques used. In other words that the study was not flawed by bias.
Define lead-time bias
Lead time bias happens when survival time appears longer because diagnosis was done earlier, irrespective of whether the patient lived longer
Bills
Age when 50% of speech is understandable
2 years old
How lowering the screening cutoff point affects sensitivity and PPV of the screening test
Increases the sensitivity and decreases the PPV.
Case-control study
Odds ration >1 indicates that the odds of exposure among case-patients are greater than the odds of exposure among controls. The exposure might be a risk factor for the disease.
Define length-time bias
Overestimation of survival duration due to the relative excess of cases detected that are slowly progressing
Medicare Part A covers this
inpatient hospital care, skilled nursing facility, hospice, lab tests, surgery, home health care
Age by when infant is supposed to have developed a social smile
2 months
How lowering the screening cutoff point affects the number of false positives and false negatives
False positives increase and false negatives decrease
Cohort studies can be used to determine _____
Relative risk
Define a confounding variable
A confounder is a variable that influences both the dependent variable and independent variable, causing a spurious association
Medicare Part D covers this
Drugs
Age when says "mama/dadda" non-specifically and pulls to stand
9 months
The predictive value (pos or neg) that varies indirectly with prevalence
Negative predictive value
In this type of study, you can not determine temporality
Cross-section
Define observer bias
Observer bias is when the results of an experiment are influenced by a researcher's expectations
If I am pregnant, will insurance cover the cost of genetic screening / counseling tests?
Insurance will pay for costs only for the health of the person insured.
Costs related to the health of a non-yet conceived child are NOT usually covered.