Patient Assessment
Define Exsanguination
bleeding
Define Atelectasis
Collapse of alveoli
Primary/Secondary confirmation of SGA compliance
Primary:
EtCO2 waveform
Secondary:
Air entry into the lungs with chest rise/fall.
No air entry into the stomach.
what is Slow/Fast HR called
Tachycardia/bradycardia
where can a tourniquet be placed
Any extremity over a single long bone. ex, forearm, thigh.
Why would a trauma patient taking daily blood thinners be concerning?
Higher bleeding risk
Physiological dead space vs anatomical dead space
Anatomical dead space is parts of the respiratory tract that do not participate in gas exchange
Physiological dead space is when something causes more dead space to occur, for example, airway obstruction, collapsed lung, dead tissue.
SGA contraindications
TACK
Fast/Slow Breathing and rates
Tachypnea is over 20
Bradypnea is less than 12
Where can't you pack a wound?
Any body cavity. eg. Abdomen, chest, skull, neck wounds with airway compromise.
State when you should assess CSM/PMS regarding soft tissue injuries and in general.
Before and after dressing.
internal vs external respiration
Internal respiration is gas exchange at the receiving tissues
External respiration is gas exchange from alveoli to the pulmonary capillaries
Cheyne stokes respirations
Rapid deep breathing with periods of apnea
List every vital
HR, RR, SPO2, BP, Skin, Pupils, GCS, Temp, EtCO2, (BGL) (Cardiac rythym-Monitor)
When is a 3 sided occlusive dressing used and when is a 4 sided occlusive dressing used.
3 sided occlusive: sucking chest wound
4 sided occlusive: Neck with airway compromise or additional sucking chest wounds on the same lung as a 3 sided occlusive.
Provide signs and symptoms of a patient who might have an infection due to a soft tissue injury.
Swelling, Redness, Heat, fever, nausea, hypotensive.
Why does carbon monoxide poisoning present with a High SpO2 value?
Hemoglobin has a higher affinity(200-250 times) for carbon monoxide than for oxygen molecules.
Name 3 adventitious sounds and what could they indicate?
Wheezing: Bronchoconstriction
Crackles: Fluid in the lungs
Stridor: Upper airway constriction
EtCO2 normal values
List all phases of waveform
35-45
phase 0, inspiratory phase
phase 1, respiratory baseline
phase 2, expiratory phase
phase 3, alveolar plateau
5 steps of wound healing
Hemostasis(clotting)
Inflammation
Epithelialization
Neovascularization
List at least 3 examples of blood thinners/antiplatelets
ASA, Apixaban, Rivaroxaban, Warfarin, Heparin
Why do people with COPD have lower SPO2 values than a healthy person
Hypoxic drive theory
Nasal cannula flow rate and FiO2 percentages
1-6l/min
1L=24%, 2L=28%, 3L=32%,
4L=36%, 5L=40%, 6L=44%
you have a VSA patient, What vital indicates a potential ROSC
EtCO2
Explain why Paramedics do not provide Ibuprofen or Ketorolac to patients who have active bleeds.
Because they are NSAID's, which have anticoagulant effects.