DNA
Define DNA
The "instructions" that determine how offspring are made OR
Genetic material that is stored inside of the nucleus of our cells
Define Heredity
What is the GOAL of reproduction?
The pass on genetic information (DNA) onto offspring
Mitosis and Meiosis both reproduce sexually, or asexually?
Asexually
*Only ONE parent cell is required to reproduce
What is the most basic unit of LIFE?
Cells
What is the structure of tightly coiled DNA called?
(HINT: this is what allows the DNA to be neatly packed into the nucleus)
Chromosome
TRUE or FALSE: Our traits MUST come from our parent's DNA
TRUE
What are the two types of reproduction?
Sexual and Asexual
Mitosis begins with one parent cell, and divides into how many daughter cells?
2
Define a nucleus (as it pertains to this unit)
Organelle that contains all of our DNA
Brain of the cell
What are the sets of DNA that codes for our traits?
Genes
Are traits such as tattoos, hair length and braces considered hereditary traits?
NO!!
*These are ACQUIRED traits, which means we can add these to our appearance, but they will not be passed on from generation to generation
How many parents are required for sexual reproduction, and how many are required for asexual reproduction?
Sexual reproduction requires 2 parents
Asexual reproduction only requires 1 parent
Meiosis begins with one parent cell, and divides into how many daughter cells?
4
Define trait
Physical characteristics
How many chromosomes are located in our cells at any given time?
Name 3 Hereditary traits
Skin color, Hair color, Eye color, Face shape, Nose shape, Cleft chin, blood type, etc.
Name one advantage of asexual reproduction
Happens quickly
Takes less energy
Facilitates rapid population growth
Identical; Unique
Label the Diagram:
Cell (Big circle)
Nucleus (Little circle)
Chromosome ('X' structure)
Gene (set or combination of DNA)
DNA (smallest strand of genetic material)
How many chromosomes do we receive from EACH parent?
23
Explain how DNA relates to hereditary traits.
DNA is like a set of instructions that codes for certain traits. DNA is passed on from parents onto their offspring. This is how we end up with similar traits to our parents.
Name one advantage of sexual reproduction
Extensive genetic variation
Mutations get eliminated
The daughter cells of Mitosis have (the same/different) number of chromosomes as the parent cell, while the daughter cells of Meiosis have (the same/different) number of chromosomes
Mitosis offspring have THE SAME number of chromosomes as the parent cell (46)
Meiosis offspring have HALF of the chromosomes as the parent cell (23)
What is a CLONE?
An organism that is genetically IDENTICAL to another