S.P.O.N.C.H.
Cellulose is a complex carbohydrate that makes up the cell walls of plant cells. Which are the main components of cellulose?
A. calcium and chlorine
B. carbon and hydrogen
C. potassium and chlorine
D. sodium and hydrogen
B. carbon and hydrogen
What are the three elements that make up carbohydrates?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen
Lipids are made of...
Fatty acids
What is the monomer of a protein?
Amino acid
Which of the following is a function of nucleic acids? Choose ALL that apply.
A. they contain the code to make a protein
B. they speed up chemical reactions
C. they store and transmit genetic information
D. they are responsible for growth and development
A. they contain the code to make a protein
B. they store and transmit genetic information
Some chemical reactions require an input of energy. Which chemical reaction gets its energy input from sunlight?
Photosynthesis
Peptidoglycan is a compound in the cell walls of many bacteria. Which of the following elements are most abundant in peptidoglycan?
A. aluminum and chlorine
B. chlorine and iron
C. hydrogen and carbon
D. iodine and oxygen
C. hydrogen and carbon
For every carbon atom in a carbohydrate, how many oxygen atoms are there?
one
If the tail of a fatty acid is straight, it means there are no double bonds, and therefore no more space for hydrogen atoms to bond with carbon atoms. We refer to this type of fat as...
Saturated
What is the difference between all the 20 different amino acids? They are all the same except for...
the R group
Name the three parts of a nucleotide
Phosphate
Sugar (ribose)
Base (A,T,G,C)
Which chemical reaction is the opposite of Photosynthesis?
Cellular respiration
Cysteine is an amino acid. Which of the following is NOT found in cysteine?
A. hydrogen
B. nitrogen
C. calcium
D. oxygen
C. Calcium
What is the monomer of a carbohydrate?
simple sugar
What type of lipid makes up the membranes of all cells and many of its organelles?
THE PHOSPHOLIPID. (actually two rows of them called the phospholipid bilayer.
Which element do we find in amino acids that we DON'T find in carbohydrates or lipids?
Nitrogen
Uracil is a base that is not found in DNA; however, it is found in RNA. Uracil takes the place of which base?
Thymine
Which type of proteins end in "ase?"
A. Carbohydrates
B. Nucleic Acids
C. Lipids
D. Enzymes
D. Enzymes
Which of the following is most common in the tissues of plants?
A. iron
B. hydrogen
C. potassium
D. sodium
B. hydrogen
What do we call three simple sugars linked together in a carbohydrate?
trisaccharide
Which is NOT true of lipids?
A. they store short term energy
B. make up cell membranes
C. fats are solid at room temp; oils are liquid
D. they store long term energy
A. Lipids store short term energy (NOT!)
An enzyme is a type of protein that speeds up chemical reactions. Enzymes often end in...
A. "ose"
B. "acid"
C. "ase"
D. "cyte"
C. "ase"
A mistake in the copying of DNA or RNA is more commonly known as a...
mutation
Carbon is the core of all organic molecules because...
A. Its the most common of the elements
B. It has four electrons in its outer shell
C. It will double bond with any other element
D. It forms ionic bonds with up to 8 other atoms
B. It has four electrons in its outer shell.
Name the six most common elements in living things.
Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, phosphorus
Potato chips would be categorized as a
A. simple sugar
B. complex carbohydrate
C. starch
D. B and C
D. complex carbohydrate AND starch
The phospholipid bilayer is two rows of phospholipids oriented tails in, heads out because the tails don't like water but the heads do. We refer to the tailss as "hydrophobic." How do we refer to the heads?
Hydrophilic
Which type of protein would "lower the activation energy" of a chemical reaction?
A. antibody
B. enzyme
C. hormone
D. steroid
B. enzyme
How is RNA different from DNA?
A. RNA is trapped in the nucleus; DNA is not
B. RNA is single stranded; DNA is not
C. RNA is shorter than DNA because it is just the code for one protein; DNA is all the codes
D. RNA uses glucose for a sugar; DNA uses ribose
C. RNA is shorter than DNA because it is just the code for one protein; DNA is all the codes
On the pH scale, which is more alkaline? 8.2 or 12?
8.2
What elements does "SPONCH" stand for?
Sulfur, phosphorus, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen
What is the name of the carb that makes up the cell wall of plant cells.
Hint: its a sugar
Cellulose
Three fatty acid tails on a glycerol head creates a lipid known as a...
Triglyceride
What kind of protein lowers the activation energy required for a chemical reaction?
Enzyme
If you analyze a strand of DNA and find that it is 20% Adenine, what is the percentage of Thymine in that strand?
20%
How much more acidic is a substance with a pH of 6 compared to a substance with a pH of 5?
A. ten times more acidic
B. one more hydrogen ion
C. one quarter more acidic
D. none. 6 is less acidic than 5
D. none. ph of 6 is ten times LESS acidic than ph of 5
All living things are made ________________ of the elements we call SPONCH.
A. at least 1%
B. mostly
C. entirely
D. less than 3%
B. mostly
If a carbohydrate contains 36 Hydrogen atoms, what must its chemical formula be?
C 18 H 36 O 18
Which is not an organic lipid?
A. cholesterol
B. ear wax
C. the coating on water-resistant leaves of plants
D. lithium grease
D. lithium grease
What type of protein is responsible for fighting off infections by destroying pathogens?
A. penicillin
B. hormone
C. antibody
D. anti-viral
C. antibody
If you analyze a strand of DNA and find that it is 20% Adenine, what is the percentage of Cytosine in that strand?
A. 10%
B. 20%
C. 30%
D. 40%
C. 30%
If the producers in an ecosystem contain 100,000 calories, how many calories are available for the primary consumers?
10,000